477 research outputs found
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ - ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅.to study the influence of fluctuations in the parameters of the bremsstrahlung beam from pulse to pulse on the quality of the recognition of materials by the dual energy method, to develop a method for estimating the fluctuations of the beam parameters and to include it in the algorithm for recognizing materials and to experimentally verify its applicability in practic
Conditional and inducible transgene expression in mice through the combinatorial use of Cre-mediated recombination and tetracycline induction
Here we describe a triple transgenic mouse system, which combines the tissue specificity of any Cre-transgenic line with the inducibility of the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA)/tetracycline-responsive element (tet-O)-driven transgenes. To ensure reliable rtTA expression in a broad range of cell types, we have targeted the rtTA transgene into the ROSA26 locus. The rtTA expression, however, is conditional to a Cre recombinase-mediated excision of a STOP region from the ROSA26 locus. We demonstrate the utility of this technology through the inducible expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) during embryonic development and postnatally in adult mice. Our results of adult induction recapitulate several different hepatic and immune cell pathological phenotypes associated with increased systemic VEGF-A protein levels. This system will be useful for studying genes in which temporal control of expression is necessary for the discovery of the full spectrum of functions. The presented approach abrogates the need to generate tissue-specific rtTA transgenes for tissues where well-characterized Cre lines already exist
Modulation of the secretion of potassium by accompanying anions in humans
Modulation of the secretion of potassium by accompanying anions in humans. In animals, secretion of potassium (K) in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) is modulated by the properties of the accompanying anion. In humans, results are inconclusive as previous studies have not differentiated between a kaliuresis due to a rise in the concentration of K from one due to an increase in the volume of urine. Our purpose was to study the effects of chloride (Cl) and bicarbonate on the secretion of K in the CCD in humans using the transtubular K concentration gradient (TTKG), a semi-quantitative index of secretion of K in the terminal CCD. After control blood and urine samples were obtained, all subjects ingested 0.2mg fludrocortisone to ensure that mineralocorticoids were not limiting the secretion of K. The anionic composition of the urine was varied using three protocols: Normal subjects (N = 11) ingested cystine and methionine to induce sulfaturia; nine subjects with a contracted ECF volume (to lower the concentration of Cl in the urine) were also studied during sulfaturia following the ingestion of cystine and methionine; 13 normovolemic subjects were studied during bicarbonaturia following the ingestion of acetazolamide. When the concentration of Cl in the urine was > 15 mmol/liter, sulfate had no effect on the TTKG. With lower concentrations of Cl in the urine, the TTKG rose 1.5-fold. The TTKG rose 1.8-fold in the presence of bicarbonaturia despite concentrations of Cl in the urine that were >15 mmol/liter, suggesting that bicarbonate has additional effects on this K secretory process. At comparable concentrations of sulfate and bicarbonate in the urine, the TTKG was increased only with bicarbonaturia. We conclude that it is important to control for the effects of the accompanying anions when evaluating the role of the kidney in disorders of K homeostasis
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