389 research outputs found
Path-integral over non-linearly realized groups and Hierarchy solutions
The technical problem of deriving the full Green functions of the elementary
pion fields of the nonlinear sigma model in terms of ancestor amplitudes
involving only the flat connection and the nonlinear sigma model constraint is
a very complex task. In this paper we solve this problem by integrating, order
by order in the perturbative loop expansion, the local functional equation
derived from the invariance of the SU(2) Haar measure under local left
multiplication. This yields the perturbative definition of the path-integral
over the non-linearly realized SU(2) group.Comment: 26 page
Comments on the Equivalence between Chern-Simons Theory and Topological Massive Yang-Mills Theory in 3D
The classical formal equivalence upon a redefinition of the gauge connection
between Chern-Simons theory and topological massive Yang-Mills theory in
three-dimensional Euclidean space-time is analyzed at the quantum level within
the BRST formulation of the Equivalence Theorem. The parameter controlling the
change in the gauge connection is the inverse of the topological
mass. The BRST differential associated with the gauge connection redefinition
is derived and the corresponding Slavnov-Taylor (ST) identities are proven to
be anomaly-free. The Green functions of local operators constructed only from
the (-dependent) transformed gauge connection, as well as those of
BRST invariant operators, are shown to be independent of the parameter
, as a consequence of the validity of the ST identities. The relevance
of the antighost-ghost fields, needed to take into account at the quantum level
the Jacobian of the change in the gauge connection, is analyzed. Their role in
the identification of the physical states of the model within conventional
perturbative gauge theory is discussed.Comment: 19 pages, LATEX, to appear in Journal of High Energy Physic
The SU(2) X U(1) Electroweak Model based on the Nonlinearly Realized Gauge Group
The electroweak model is formulated on the nonlinearly realized gauge group
SU(2) X U(1). This implies that in perturbation theory no Higgs field is
present. The paper provides the effective action at the tree level, the Slavnov
Taylor identity (necessary for the proof of unitarity), the local functional
equation (used for the control of the amplitudes involving the Goldstone
bosons) and the subtraction procedure (nonstandard, since the theory is not
power-counting renormalizable). Particular attention is devoted to the number
of independent parameters relevant for the vector mesons; in fact there is the
possibility of introducing two mass parameters. With this choice the relation
between the ratio of the intermediate vector meson masses and the Weinberg
angle depends on an extra free parameter. We briefly outline a method for
dealing with \gamma_5 in dimensional regularization. The model is formulated in
the Landau gauge for sake of simplicity and conciseness: the QED Ward identity
has a simple and intriguing form.Comment: 19 pages, final version published by Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, some typos
corrected in eqs.(1) and (41). The errors have a pure editing origin.
Therefore they do not affect the content of the pape
Resort Fees and Service Fees in the U.S. Hotel Industry: Context and Concepts Related to Partitioned Pricing
Though hotel resort fees and other service charges are a source of considerable revenue at certain U.S. hotels, most hotels do not charge such fees, and among those that do, they do so for specific and unique market-based reasons such as the behavior of competition. This report reviews the concept of resort fees in an effort to provide a balanced perspective regarding service fees in the light of sensational media reports about the topic. This report finds that only approximately seven percent of U.S. hotels charge such fees, and such fees are mainly limited to resort hotels in certain markets. This report introduces the topic of partitioned pricing whereby prices quoted to consumers by businesses are broken into their component parts, a practice appearing to be common, appropriate, and preferred by consumers as well as businesses in particular types of transactions which may include certain hotel-consumer sales
Assessment of Calcium Carbide Waste and Calcined Clay as Stabilizer in Flexible Pavement Construction
Stabilization techniques have often been used globally to enhance properties of weak subgrade materials for flexible pavement construction. This study assessed the blend of calcium carbide waste (CCW) and calcined clay (CC) to serve as an effective stabilizer of Subgrade material (S) sourced from a section along Ota-Idiroko road. Subgrade material was initially modified with CCW in different percentage replacements by weight (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) and the resulting blends were subjected to Atterberg’s limits test to determine the blend with optimum plasticity index reduction which would be tagged optimum subgrade lime blend (OSLB). The blend of S + 8% CCW was tagged OSLB because it exhibited optimum plasticity index reduction. The OSLB was thereafter blended by weight with CC in the following percentage replacements 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18% in order to activate the pozzolanic potentials of CC for strength enhancement. The resulting blends were subjected to Atterberg’s limits, Compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests with the strength specimens cured for 0, 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days. The results showed that OSLB-CC blends reduced the Plasticity index from14.8 to 8.4 %, Maximum dry density from 1.82 to 1.54 Mg/m3, Optimum moisture content, 23.7 to 17.9 % and increased soaked CBR, 0 to 418.2% and UCS, 201.59 to 5660.84 kPa of natural subgrade respectively. Furthermore, the blends showed great improvement with reduction in PI less than standard value of 10% and increment in standard CBR and UCS values of 180% and 1700 kPa respectively for base course material. Therefore, stabilized blends at 7 days curing period could improve the natural subgrade to subbase and base for pavement construction
On a class of embeddings of massive Yang-Mills theory
A power-counting renormalizable model into which massive Yang-Mills theory is
embedded is analyzed. The model is invariant under a nilpotent BRST
differential s. The physical observables of the embedding theory, defined by
the cohomology classes of s in the Faddeev-Popov neutral sector, are given by
local gauge-invariant quantities constructed only from the field strength and
its covariant derivatives.Comment: LATEX, 34 pages. One reference added. Version published in the
journa
Standards’ Compliance and Financial Reporting Quality Among Listed Companies in Nigeria
The study determined the extent of compliance with financial reporting standards and the extent of financial reporting quality among quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria between 2005 and 2020. The study used secondary data sourced from the published annual audited reports and financial statements of 50 non-financial firms listed in the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Descriptive statistics and Beneish Model were used to determine the compliance and the extent of financial reporting quality. The results showed that the level of compliance with financial reporting standard among quoted non-financial firms is significantly high. Also, results showed that since the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2012, the level of financial reporting quality of quoted non-financial firms has increased as there was no manipulation of any financial statement of the selected firms up to 2020. Keywords: Financial Reporting Quality, IFRS compliance, Beneish Model. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-14-08 Publication date:August 31st 202
Network Process, Strategic Alliance and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
This study explores the interplay between strategy alliance and network processes in explaining firm performance in highly unpredictable environments like what is obtained in Nigeria. Firms can outperform rivals by pursuing two types of strategic alliance: advantage-creating and advantage-enhancing. Each of these strategic alliances creates different needs, motivations, and opportunities for joint activity. This research work shows that firms with better advantage-creating strategies become entrenched in extra network process and are more likely to form non-equity strategic alliances in the future period, whereas firms with strong advantage-enhancing tendencies become rooted in intense network process with many equity-based strategic alliances in the future period. However, if different strategies lead to formation of different types of network processes, are these tendencies advantageous for firm performance? If not, what is the optimal combination of strategic alliance and network processes that maximizes firm performance? This paper argue that network process provides advantageous access to external resources that can both balance the internal capabilities of the firm and substitute for the capabilities that a firm is lacking. This paper finds out that network process plays both balancing and substitutive roles, however, my findings suggest dense network process is more favorable for firms that have superior either advantage-creating or advantage-enhancing capabilities, whereas firms with inferior internal capabilities can benefit more from a sparse network process. A correlation analysis was carried out on a sample of 125 respondents which indicates a positive relationship among both variables Keywords: Network process, Strategic alliance, Competition, Firm Performanc
Algebraic Properties of BRST Coupled Doublets
We characterize the dependence on doublets of the cohomology of an arbitrary
nilpotent differential s (including BRST differentials and classical linearized
Slavnov-Taylor (ST) operators) in terms of the cohomology of the
doublets-independent component of s. All cohomologies are computed in the space
of local integrated formal power series. We drop the usual assumption that the
counting operator for the doublets commutes with s (decoupled doublets) and
discuss the general case where the counting operator does not commute with s
(coupled doublets). The results are purely algebraic and do not rely on
power-counting arguments.Comment: Some explanations enlarged, references adde
A Massive Yang-Mills Theory based on the Nonlinearly Realized Gauge Group
We propose a subtraction scheme for a massive Yang-Mills theory realized via
a nonlinear representation of the gauge group (here SU(2)). It is based on the
subtraction of the poles in D-4 of the amplitudes, in dimensional
regularization, after a suitable normalization has been performed. Perturbation
theory is in the number of loops and the procedure is stable under iterative
subtraction of the poles. The unphysical Goldstone bosons, the Faddeev-Popov
ghosts and the unphysical mode of the gauge field are expected to cancel out in
the unitarity equation. The spontaneous symmetry breaking parameter is not a
physical variable. We use the tools already tested in the nonlinear sigma
model: hierarchy in the number of Goldstone boson legs and weak power-counting
property (finite number of independent divergent amplitudes at each order). It
is intriguing that the model is naturally based on the symmetry SU(2)_L local
times SU(2)_R global. By construction the physical amplitudes depend on the
mass and on the self-coupling constant of the gauge particle and moreover on
the scale parameter of the radiative corrections. The Feynman rules are in the
Landau gauge.Comment: 44 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, final version accepted by Phys.
Rev.
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