Characterisation of T cell receptor repertoire in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy

Abstract from the 2022 World Conference on Lung Cancer 6-9 August 2022, Vienna, Austria.-- EP16.01-033.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy has experienced important changes in survival benefit and durable anti-tumor responses due to immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). However, ICBs show some major limitations including low response rate and drug resistance in unselected patients. Despite the development of new predictive biomarkers, such as PD-L1 expression, microsatellite instability (MSI), or tumor mutation burden (TMB), there is an urgent need for biomarkers that identify which patients will benefit more from ICBs and define the reasons for failure of the treatment. Analysis of peripheral blood T cell receptor beta chain (TCR-β) repertoire and other serum biomarkers may provide information about the immune response in ICBs treated NSCLC patients.Peer reviewe

Best practices for ORR performance evaluation of metal-free porous carbon electrocatalysts

6 figures, 4 tables.-- Supplementary information available.-- © 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Porous carbon materials are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Their active sites, involving porosity and surface chemistry, are different from those of metal-doped carbons. The latter have been widely studied and are adapted to today's popular electrochemical devices, the rotating disk electrode being the most useful preliminary tool to evaluate their activity in ORR. However, porous carbon materials have been less explored, and experimental parameters need to be adjusted to achieve the best ORR performance. Therefore, in this study, the optimization of different key factors was investigated to evaluate their effect on the ORR performance of porous carbon electrocatalysts in alkaline medium. The parameters considered were: (i) the relevance of using RRDE or Koutecky-Levich equations for estimating the number of electrons transferred; (ii) the amount of ionomer (Nafion®); (iii) the carbon loading on the electrode; (iv) the carbon grinding method; and (v) the selection of the upper potential of ORR experiments. We conclude that an optimization of the experimental conditions should be done for each material studied, and we give important benchmarks for the appropriate evaluation of the catalytic activity in ORR of carbon-based catalysts.This study was partly supported by the French PIA project “Lorraine Université d’Excellence”, reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE and the TALiSMAN project funded by ERDF (2019-000214). SPR acknowledges MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for her Juan de la Cierva Incorporación research contract (IJC2019-041874-I).Peer reviewe

Green and easy synthesis of P-doped carbon-based hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalysts

7 figures, 1 table.-- Supplementary information available. © 2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/In this study, efficient electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on low-cost and metal-free carbon catalysts are presented. Phytic acid, a biosourced molecule containing carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), was found to be an excellent precursor for producing carbon materials with high P content, depending on the carbonization temperature, from 27.9 wt% at 700 °C to 7.3 wt% at 1000 °C. A green and easy route to produce P-doped carbon materials by heat treatment of this biosourced precursor without the need for additional reagents is thus proposed. We show that the conversion of P-O-type groups into P-C-type species is of paramount importance for improving the catalytic activity in HER of P-doped carbon materials. P-C-type groups appear to be the key factor in the electrocatalytic activity, reaching an onset potential of - 0.27 V. This study sheds light on the origin of the catalytic activity of P-doped carbons, in which P is expected to modify the homogenous distribution of the electron density of undoped carbons and increase their catalytic performance.This study was partially supported by the French PIA project “Lorraine Université d’Excellence”, reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE, and the TALiSMAN and TALisMAN2 projects funded by ERDF. SGD thanks the Ministerio de Universidades, the European Union, and the University of Oviedo for the financial support (MU-21-UP2021-030 30267158). JQB thanks the Ministerio de Universidades, the European Union, and the University of Alicante for the financial support (MARSALAS21-21).Peer reviewe

Supplementary material for Zinc doping enhances the electrocatalytic properties of cobalt borides for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to obtain information about the chemical nature of the Co-B and Co-Zn-B samples. As observed in Supplementary Figure S1A, the EDS profiles show the presence of cobalt, oxygen and boron in the Co-B sample. If the material is prepared with the addition of Zn(NO3)2, a new intense peak is observed in the EDS profile (Supplementary Figure S1B), which is attributed to the presence of Zn in the material composition Moreover, EDS mapping was performed to further check the distribution of Co and Zn atoms in HRTEM images.The particle size distributions of the two samples are shown in Supplementary Figure S2. To assess whether the HER performance damaged the chemical nature of the Co-Zn-B material, CV before and after the HER measurements were performed. Supplementary Figure S3 shows that the CV-profile does not exhibit any significant change in the electrochemical behavior of Co-Zn-B, suggesting strong stability under HER working conditions. Furthermore, to confirm the high stability of the Co-Zn-B sample, chronopotentiometric (CP) measurements were performed at a fixed current density of −5 mA cm−2 (Supplementary Figure S4).-- Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).Figure S1: EDS of (a) Co-B and (b) Co-Zn-B. Figure S2 : Particle size distribution of Co-B and Co-Zn-B. Figure S3 : CV pre and post HER of Co-Zn-B at a scan rate of 50 mV·s-1 in a N2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution. Figure S4: Chronopotentiometric analysis of Co-Zn-B sample at a fixed current density of -5 mA·cm-2.JQ-B thanks the Ministerio de Universidades, the European Union and the University of Alicante for the financial support (MARSALAS21-21). SG-D thanks the Ministerio de Universidades, the European Union and the University of Oviedo for the financial support (MU-21-UP2021-030 30267158).This study was partly supported by the French PIA project “Lorraine Université d’Excellence,” reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE and the TALiSMAN project funded by ERDF (2019-000214).Peer reviewe

Advanced design of metal nanoclusters and single atoms embedded in C1N1-derived carbon materials for ORR, HER, and OER

5 figures.-- Supplementary information available.Single atoms and nanoclusters of Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, and Mn are systematically designed and embedded in a well-defined C1N1-type material that has internal cavities of ≈0.6 nm based on four N atoms. These N atoms serve as perfect anchoring points for the nucleation of small nanoclusters of different metal natures through the creation of metal-nitrogen (TM-N4) bonds. After pyrolysis at 800 °C, TM@CNx-type structures are obtained, where TM is the transition metal and x < 1. Fe@CNx and Co@CNx are the most promising for oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, respectively, with a Pt-like performance, and Ni@CNx is the most active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an EOER of 1.59 V versus RHE, far outperforming the commercial IrO2 (EOER = 1.72 V). This systematic and benchmarking study can serve as a basis for the future design of advanced multi-functional electrocatalysts by modulating and combining the metallic nature of nanoclusters and single atoms.ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE and the TALiSMAN and TALiSMAN2 projects, financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), are gratefully acknowledged. J.Q.B. thanks the Ministerio de Universidades, the European Union, and the University of Alicante for the financial support (MARSALAS21-21). S.G.D. thanks the Ministerio de Universidades, the European Union, and the University of Oviedo for the financial support (MU-21-UP2021-030 30267158).Peer reviewe