β-Elemene-induced autophagy protects human gastric cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>β-Elemene, a compound found in an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, has shown promising anti-cancer effects against a broad spectrum of tumors. The mechanism by which β-elemene kills cells remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect of β-elemene on human gastric cancer cells and the molecular mechanism involved.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>β-Elemene inhibited the viability of human gastric cancer MGC803 and SGC7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The suppression of cell viability was due to the induction of apoptosis. A robust autophagy was observed in the cells treated with β-elemene; it was characterized by the increase of punctate LC3 dots, the cellular morphology, and the increased levels of LC3-II protein. Further study showed that β-elemene treatment up-regulated Atg5-Atg12 conjugated protein but had little effect on other autophagy-related proteins. PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 activity was inhibited by β-elemene. Knockdown of Beclin 1 with small interfering RNA, or co-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine or chlorochine enhanced significantly the antitumor effects of β-elemene.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data provides the first evidence that β-elemene induces protective autophagy and prevents human gastric cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. A combination of β-elemene with autophagy inhibitor might thus be a useful therapeutic option for advanced gastric cancer.</p

Real-time Resource Positioning System based on Wireless Sensor Network in Manufacturing Workshop

Discrete manufacturing enterprise has a complex and varied production process, which causes manufacturing resources have dynamic characteristics. Aiming at the efficient collect and management of manufacturing resource information, improve the enterprise’ intellectualization, a real-time resource positioning system based on wireless sensor network was proposed. Firstly, a perceptual model for resource positioning was designed, which can collect and analysis real-time resources information in the workshop. Meanwhile, the architectural structure of real-time resources positioning system was designed based on wireless sensor network and the resources positioning flow was illustrated. Aiming at the low positioning accuracy caused by electromagnetic interference and obstacle in manufacturing workshop environment, a multi-sensor positioning data fusion algorithm based on fuzzy evidence theory was proposed. Finally, a prototype system is implemented to demonstrate the validity of the method in practice

Location Optimization of Wireless Sensor Network in Intelligent Workshop Based on the Three-Dimensional Adaptive Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm

The production process of modern manufacturing industry is complex and changeable, manufacturing resources have extensive dynamic characteristics. For effectively managing and controlling manufacturing resources, realizing real-time location data collection of intelligent workshop, a manufacturing resource location sensing architecture based on the wireless sensor network is proposed. For en-suring real-time accuracy of manufacturing resource location data in the intelligent workshop, a three-dimensional adaptive fruit fly optimization algorithm is de-signed to estimate the location coordinates, the new algorithm introduced the adaptive inertial weight coefficient, retained the advantage of strong local search ability of fruit fly optimization algorithm, improved the ability of global optimiza-tion, effectively solved the problem of three-dimensional location in intelligent workshop. The simulation results show that, the algorithm in this paper is applied to the location calculation of triangulation, which has smaller location error and shorter operation time, it improves the accuracy of the location data and meets the real-time location requirements of manufacturing resources such as intelligent workshop staff, materials, logistics vehicles etc. facilitate resource sensing and scheduling management, thereby improving management standards and product quality

Location Optimization of Wireless Sensor Network in Intelligent Workshop Based on the Three-Dimensional Adaptive Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm

The production process of modern manufacturing industry is complex and changeable, manufacturing resources have extensive dynamic characteristics. For effectively managing and controlling manufacturing resources, realizing real-time location data collection of intelligent workshop, a manufacturing resource location sensing architecture based on the wireless sensor network is proposed. For en-suring real-time accuracy of manufacturing resource location data in the intelligent workshop, a three-dimensional adaptive fruit fly optimization algorithm is de-signed to estimate the location coordinates, the new algorithm introduced the adaptive inertial weight coefficient, retained the advantage of strong local search ability of fruit fly optimization algorithm, improved the ability of global optimiza-tion, effectively solved the problem of three-dimensional location in intelligent workshop. The simulation results show that, the algorithm in this paper is applied to the location calculation of triangulation, which has smaller location error and shorter operation time, it improves the accuracy of the location data and meets the real-time location requirements of manufacturing resources such as intelligent workshop staff, materials, logistics vehicles etc. facilitate resource sensing and scheduling management, thereby improving management standards and product quality

Safety Traceability System of Characteristic Food Based on RFID and EPC Internet of Things

In order to realize the safe traceability of the whole life cycle of the “Old Godmother Flavor Food”, the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Devices) technology is applied to the data acquisition of raw material purchasing, production processing, warehousing management, logistics and transportation. A kind of special food safety traceability network model was put forward based on RFID technology, and the RFID label EPC encoding rules are designed on “Old Godmother Flavor Food”; according to the demand analysis of characteristic food safety traceability system, the system design and implementation are carried out based on B/S and C/S architecture.</p

Cbl-b Enhances Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil via EGFR- and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathways in Gastric Cancer Cells

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an essential component of anticancer chemotherapy against gastric cancer. However, the response rate of single drug is still limited. The ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is a negative regulator of growth factor receptor signaling and is involved in the suppression of cancer cell proliferation. However, whether Cbl-b could affect 5-FU sensitivity remains unclear. The present study showed that Cbl-b knockdown caused higher proliferation concomitant with the decrease of apoptosis induced by 5-FU treatment in gastric cancer cell. Further mechanism investigation demonstrated that Cbl-b knockdown caused significant increase of phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK and Akt, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase of expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. These results suggest that Cbl-b enhances sensitivity to 5-FU via EGFR- and mitochondria-mediated pathways in gastric cancer cells

E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b potentiates the apoptotic action of arsenic trioxide by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a strong inducer of apoptosis in malignant hematological cells. Inducible phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt activation promotes resistance to ATO. In the present study, we evaluated whether E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, a negative regulator of PI3K activation, is involved in the action of ATO. The effect of ATO on cell viability was measured by the Trypan blue exclusion assay or by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and protein expression was assayed by Western blotting. ATO decreased the viability of HL60 cells and induced cellular apoptosis, which was accompanied by transient activation of Akt. The PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, significantly increased ATO-induced apoptosis (P < 0.05). In addition, ATO up-regulated the expression of Cbl-b proteins. Furthermore, ATO inhibited cell viability with an IC50 of 18.54 &#956;M at 24 h in rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. ATO induced cellular apoptosis with transient activation of Akt and Cbl-b was also up-regulated. Rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells transfected with a dominant negative (DN) Cbl-b mutation showed overexpression of Cbl-b (DN) and enhanced Akt activation. Compared with cells transfected with vector, ATO-induced apoptosis was decreased and G2/M phase cells were increased at the same concentration (P < 0.05). The PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002, re-sensitized Cbl-b (DN) overexpressing cells to ATO and reversed G2/M arrest (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that Cbl-b potentiates the apoptotic action of ATO by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway

Efficacy of Bevacizumab in the First-Line Treatment of Patients with RAS Mutations Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Background/Aims: Whether patients with RAS mutation metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) obtain benefits from bevacizumab added to first-line chemotherapy remains unclear. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology databases were searched to identify abstracts for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of bevacizumab for the first-line treatment of patients with RAS mutations mCRC from inception to the end of April 2016. Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated. Results: Ten eligible papers reporting six RCTs were included. In the network meta-analysis of patients with RAS mutations, bevacizumab + chemotherapy prolonged PFS compared with chemotherapy alone (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.51-1.10), but the difference was not statistically significant. Bevacizumab + chemotherapy did not prolong OS compared with chemotherapy alone (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.73-1.66). Conclusion: There was insufficient evidence to definitively state that patients with RAS mutations mCRC could benefit from bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment