The factors affecting couples' age difference between two generations of 1976 and 1986 in city of Kamyaran

Couples' age difference affects fertilizing, family planning, being satisfied with matrimony, divorce and being widow (or widower). The age difference respecting getting prepared biologically between males and females can itself cause couples' age difference. The main aim of the present study is the factors affecting couples’ age difference in city of Kamyaran and contrastive comparison between two generations born in years of 1976 and 1986. The population includes 58047 of married people born in years of 1976 and 1986 (in that 26057 of which belong to the generation of 1986 and 32000 belong to the generation of 1976) in city of Kamyaran who 381 of the sampling amount were estimated based on Chochran formula in that to ignore the amount of errors, the sampling size is regarded as 400 people. The sampling method was multi-cluster one and the questionnaire was used to collect the information and they were distributed among respondents after getting approved respecting both validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaires and reviewing them, a code was assigned for any of the questionnaires and answers and then the data were transferred into the SPSS software and the matrix of the variables got formed. To analyze the data suitable for their assessment at descriptive level, the descriptive statistics of Average, Standard Deviation (SD), Mean and tables were used and at the explanatory analysis level, Pearson Correlation, T-test, multivariable statistical techniques and graphs were also used. According to the gained results, the age difference for rural and urban males were 5.22 and 5.23 years, respectively and they were 4.26 and 3.13 for rural and urban females, respectively that age difference was more in rural females than their urban counterparts. The marriage ages for rural and urban boys are 25.28 and 25.36 years, respectively. The marriage ages for rural and urban girls are 22.4 and 22.94, respectively. The sociocultural factors, economic factors, the marriage age, masculinity and education have a meaningful relation with dependent variable

Racial Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in Mississippi: Role of Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Physical Activity

Although the etiology of obesity is complex, social disparities are gaining attention for their contribution to obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of obesity and to explore the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and obesity by race in Mississippi. Data from the 2014 Mississippi Behavior Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used in this study (n = 3794). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were conducted using SAS Proc. Survey procedures to account for BRFSS’s multistage complex survey design and sample weights. The overall prevalence of self-reported obesity was 37%. Multiple logistic regression model showed gender was the only variable associated with increased risk of obesity among blacks. Black females were more likely to be obese (Adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.7, ref = male) after controlling for confounders. Among white adults, obesity was significantly associated with physical activity, gender, age and education levels. Those aged 25–44 years (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6, ref ≥ 64 years), those were physically inactivity (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4–2.5, ref = physically active) or had high school education (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, ref = college graduate) or some college (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, ref = college graduate) were more likely to be obese; females (aOR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9, ref = male) and those aged 18–24 years (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21–0.9, ref ≥ 64 years) were less likely to be obese

Socio- Cultural Aspects of Turkmen Tales

Narratology in Iran has an old background. It was mostly done at a mere descriptive level by narrators. This article presents a type of anthropologically- based interpretation which aims at explaining things by referring to specific social elements at specific times and by using narratological method. This approach can help us study Turkmen tales from a sociocultural standpoint in order to determine the dominant discourse by delineating their relation with the public domain and their manner of development. The dominant discourse in Turkmen tales brings out the history and identity which conform with the society in the process of time. The present research has benefited from tools like interview and narratology to achieve its goals

An Investigation of Religious Participants' Awareness of the Goals of the Religious Role Models

Religion is an institution which influences the social political structure of communities. The influence of religion in communities that their social groups and individuals tend to religious norms and beliefs is much wider than other communities. Beliefs and deeds are two main components of a religion. Beliefs are consisting of all teachings, views, thoughts, and ways of action. Religious deeds are the product of religious beliefs. The continuance of religious beliefs depends on rituals and their proper performance.  In the light of the variety of religious ceremonies and rituals in our country, the present paper tries to make an assessment of functional state of these ceremonies in relation to religious beliefs and values. It aims firstly at measuring the participants' awareness of the goals of religious role models (Imams) and secondly detecting the possible pathos of participants' ignorance of these goals. The data were collected using a survey method. Statistical population of the study consisted of 74 mourning groups from Tehran which were selected by the simple random method. Some results indicate that participants' awareness of the goals of Imam Hussayn, peace be upon him, was higher than those of other religious role models. It also shows that their awareness of the goals of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, was lower than those of other ones

Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Mississippi: Is There A Disparity? Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2012

Although consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a key contributor to epidemic obesity and has dramatically increased over the past decade in the United States, little is known about its prevalence and associated factors. Data from the 2012 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to estimate the prevalence of SSB consumption and to explore the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral factors and SSB intake in Mississippi (n = 7220). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were conducted using SAS Proc Survey procedures, to account for the BRFSS′s multistage complex survey design and sample weights. Overall prevalence of self-reported daily SSB intake was 41.1%. Our findings showed that males (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7, ref = female), blacks (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.1, ref = whites), adults aged 18–24 years (aOR = 5.0, 95% CI: 3.4–7.5, ref = 65 years or older), those with less than high school education (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4–2.6, ref = college graduate), annual income <$25,000 (aOR = 1.3, 95$50,000) and $25,000–49,999 (aOR = 1.3, 95$50,000), those with no physical activity (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.6, ref = physically active), daily smokers (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7–2.7, ref = non-smokers), and those who reported eating at fast food or chain restaurants (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5, ref = do not eat at fast food or chain restaurants) were more likely to consume SSBs, raising concerns about overweight and obesity in Mississippi

بررسی اثربخشی و ایمنی قطره میتومایسین در روند بهبودی بعد از عمل جراحی Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy و جلوگیری از تشکیل نسج جوانه ای در مراجعین سال ۹۶-۹۸

چکیده مقدمه: بافت گرانوله منبع اصلی اتوره در بیماری های گوش به خصوص بعد از جراحی میباشدو سبب افزایش بروز عوارض در بیماران میشود لذا یافتن راه درمان این بیماری امری ضروری است. بنابراین هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثربخشی و ایمنی قطره میتومایسین در روند بهبودی بعد از عمل جراحی ماستوئیدکتومی و جلوگیری از تشکیل نسج جوانه ای میباشد. مواد و روش: این مطالعه بر روی 52 بیمار کاندید جراحی ماستوئیدکتومی انجام گرفت (26 بیمار در گروه میتومایسین و 26 بیمار در گروه پلاسبو). بیماران به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه قرار گرفتند و داروهای مورد نظر برای تجویز شد و نسج جوانه ای مجدد و عوارض در بیماران ثبت شد. آزمونهای کای اسکویر و من ویتنی جهت مقایسه داده ها استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج مطالعه ما نشان داد که تجویز میتومایسین در افراد تحت جراحی ماستوئیدکتومی به صورت معناداری سبب کاهش تشکیل نسج جوانه ایی در ماه اول و سوم پس از جراحی میشود (P<0.05) که این امر با افزایش رضایت مندی بیماران همراه میباشد (P<0.05) و همچنین تنها یک مورد عارضه پوستی دیده شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به شیوع بالای تشکیل نسج جوانه ایی پس از جراحی ماستوئیدکتومی و از طرفی با توجه به کاهش بروز تشکیل تشکیل نسج جوانه ایی به دنبال تجویز میتومایسین، میتوان از این روش در تمام بیماران استفاده کرده تا شاهد افزایش کیفیت جراحی و کاهش عوارض از جمله تشکیل نسج جوانه ایی باشیم. کلمات کلیدی: ماستوئیدکتومی، نسج جوانه ای، میتومایسین Abstract: Introduction: Granular tissue is a major source of otorrhea in the ear especially after surgery and may increase complications in patients. Therefore, finding a way to treat this disease is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitomycin drops in the recovery process after mastoidectomy and to prevent germination. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 52 patients undergoing mastoidectomy (26 patients in mitomycin group and 26 patients in placebo group). Patients were randomly divided into two groups, and the drugs were prescribed, and re-bud tissue and complications were recorded. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the data. Results: The results of our study showed that administration of mitomycin in patients undergoing mastoidectomy significantly reduces the formation of bud tissue in the first and third months after surgery (P <0.05), which is associated with increased patient satisfaction (P <0.05). P <0.05) and only one skin complication was seen. Conclusion: Due to the high incidence of germ formation after mastoidectomy and on the other hand, due to the reduced incidence of germ formation following mitomycin administration, this method can be used in all patients to increase surgical quality and decrease Complications include bud formation. Keywords: mastoidectomy, bud tissue, mitomyci

Racial Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in Mississippi: Role of Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Physical Activity

Although the etiology of obesity is complex, social disparities are gaining attention for their contribution to obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of obesity and to explore the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and obesity by race in Mississippi. Data from the 2014 Mississippi Behavior Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used in this study (n = 3794). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were conducted using SAS Proc. Survey procedures to account for BRFSS’s multistage complex survey design and sample weights. The overall prevalence of self-reported obesity was 37%. Multiple logistic regression model showed gender was the only variable associated with increased risk of obesity among blacks. Black females were more likely to be obese (Adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.7, ref = male) after controlling for confounders. Among white adults, obesity was significantly associated with physical activity, gender, age and education levels. Those aged 25–44 years (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6, ref ≥ 64 years), those were physically inactivity (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4–2.5, ref = physically active) or had high school education (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, ref = college graduate) or some college (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3, ref = college graduate) were more likely to be obese; females (aOR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9, ref = male) and those aged 18–24 years (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21–0.9, ref ≥ 64 years) were less likely to be obese

Functional Analysis of Religious Ceremonies and Rituals

Religious phenomena are naturally classified in two basic varieties of beliefs and practices (rites and rituals). The beliefs consist of teachings and belong to the field of ideas and thoughts, though exercise is a way of social interaction and is concerned with behavior. Acts are derived from faith and belief.  Beliefs are immunized from oblivion by acts. Study of ritual ceremonies, in sociology of religion, is of high importance because they blend with the other elements of social norms and social organizations as well as their relationship with social organizations and institutes. This analysis focuses on the separation between social and cultural functions of ceremonies and religious rites. The study shows that ceremonies and rituals has symbolic, learning, identity and tolerability functions in cultural dimensions and functions of social cohesion, social recreation, regulation and the intergenerational link in social dimension

The Selective Cytotoxicity of The Hydroalcoholic Extract of Santalum Album Linn Wood on A375 and SK-MEL-3 Human Malignant Melanoma Cells: Cytotoxicity Effect of White Sandal Wood Extract

Melanoma is the cause of most skin cancer all around the world because of its high proliferation rate, metastatic nature, and limited effective therapies. According to the rapid increment in its incidence compared to other types of skin cancers, new therapies are seemed to be essential. Natural remedies can be used to treat many diseases, including cancer, so more research is needed. The wood of Santalum album Linn, known as “white sandalwood”, is one of the herbs which is a rich source of antioxidants that can be used as a therapeutic medication in different types of cancers, especially skin cancer. This research aimed to verify the cytotoxic effects of white sandalwood on A375 and SK-MEL-3 melanoma and AGO-1522 normal human fibroblast cell lines. At first, the ethanolic extract was prepared. Then, cell viability and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. Furthermore, ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and release of cytochrome-c were also assessed. Herb extract significantly increased the death of A375 and SK-MEL-3 melanoma cells (p &lt; 0.001), lipid peroxidation (p &lt; 0.01), and reactive oxygen species (p &lt; 0.01) and cytochrome c concentration (p &lt; 0.001). Meanwhile, the same amount was ineffective and safe on AGO-1522 normal fibroblast cells. The extract of white sandalwood has considerable cytotoxic effects on the human melanoma cell line. Further studies are required to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of white sandalwood on melanoma cancer