Chongqing's Technology Assets and Opportunities in the Context of National Industrial Reconstruction

As a fact, China is now losing its competitiveness in the global industrial chain as the labor and land cost are increasing while the its industrial structure remains backward. Thus, big efforts will need to be made for China to upgrade within global value chains so as to achieve a sustainable growth in the near future. According to the latest National 12th Five-Year Plan (from 2011 to 2015), it is urgent to tackle this problem by “Transformation and upgrading, enhancing the competitiveness of Industrial core”, and “Foster and develop strategic emerging sectors”. Chongqing is one of the four ventral government direct-controlled cities in China, which was created in 1997 and significant change has been made since that time. From 1997 to 2010, the annual average growth rate of GDP in Chongqing is more than 10% and the annual average growth rate of fixed assets is more than 20%. Given the background of the new round of national industrial reconstructing and the critical role the city plays, it is essential to do an industrial targeting in Chongqing. In this paper, I used several indicators to identify (1) the local industrial and innovation strength and (2) the local knowledge infrastructure so as to find the high-technology industrial clusters and sectors that with greatest potential to develop in the future. After a set of screening process, two industrials have been identified as the development target: (1) Medical and Pharmaceutical and (2) Transportation

Counterfeit Luxury Businesses in China: The Impacts of Counterfeit Consumption on Global Economy

Today, counterfeiting is growing prevalent all over the world due to enormous returns on investment and low levels of risk. Despite of all the intellectual and ethical issues proposed by criminologists and policy makers, the issue of counterfeit products has been addressed in the economic sector. It is conspicuous that global businesses are raising awareness in problems caused by counterfeit products. The purpose of this study is to investigate Chinese consumer’s purchasing behaviours in counterfeit luxury products and discuss how they will potentially influence the global luxury market

A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES FORMED BY THE ANTHYRIDONE AND DIALDEHYDE DERIVATIVES

A theoretical study on hydrogen-bonded complex 1 formed by anthyridone (monomer A) and 2,6-diaminopyridine-3,5-dialdehyde (monomer B) was performed using the AM1 method to obtain its binding energy. A series of complexes 2 to 9 were designed by changing the R-groups on monomer A in complex 1 into C6H5, p-toluene, p-phenol, OH, OCH3, and turning the X-groups on monomer B into F, Cl, I, respectively. Based on the optimized geometries, the electronic spectra for the complexes were calculated with the INDO/CIS method and the IR spectra were computed utilizing the AM1 method. It was indicated that the dimer could be formed by the two monomers via triple hydrogen bonds because of its negative binding energy. The binding energies of the complexes were changed with the change of the electronic properties and steric effects of the substituents on the monomers. The first absorptions in the electronic spectra of the complexes were red-shifted compared with those of the monomers. The stretching vibrations of the N-H bonds on the monomers were weakened and their frequencies were reduced with the formation of the hydrogen bonds. KEY WORDS: Anthyridone, 2,6-Diaminopyridine-3,5-dialdehyde, Hydrogen bonding, IR spectra, AM1 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2007, 21(2), 263-270

Links Assignment Scheme based on Potential Edges Importance in Dual-layer Wavelength Routing Optical Satellite Networks

With the development of the massive satellite constellation and the on-orbit laser-based communication equipment, the wavelength routing optical satellite network (WROSN) becomes a potential solution for on-orbit, high-capacity, and high-speed communication. Since the inter-satellite links (ISLs) are time-varying, one of the fundamental considerations in the construction of the WROSN is assigning limited laser communication terminals for each satellite to establish ISLs with the visible satellites. Therefore, we propose a links assignment scheme (LAS) based on the potential edges importance matrix (PEIM) algorithm to construct a temporarily stable topology of the ISLs for a dual-layer constellation. The simulation results showed that the LAS based on the PEIM algorithm is better than LAS based on the random or Greedy algorithm in terms of node-to-node distance, node pair connectivity, wavelength demand, and transmission delay. The node pair connectivity and wavelength demand in WROSN is a trade-off problem. The research in this paper also brings a novel method for reduction of the cost of the on-board resources, that is through designing topology of the ISLs with links assignment algorithm.Comment: This is the manuscript version that was submitted to the International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking (SAT-23-0018

Screening of specific diagnostic peptides of swine hepatitis E virus

© 2009 Zhao et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Evolutionary characteristics and genetic transmission patterns of predominant HIV-1 subtypes among men who have sex with men in China.

OBJECTIVES: Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent one of the major risk groups for HIV-1 infection in China, and the predominant subtypes among this population has changed over the last two decades. The objective of this study was to determine the evolutionary characteristics and transmission patterns of the dominant HIV-1 strains in the Chinese MSM population. METHODS: A total of 4980 published HIV-1 pol gene sequences from MSM in China were retrieved and comprehensive evolutionary and transmission analyses were then conducted. Bayesian coalescent-based methods and selection pressure analyses were used to reconstruct the time-scale and demographic history and to estimate other evolutionary parameters. Transmission patterns were characterized using network analyses. RESULTS: There were 2546 (51.12%) CRF01_AE, 1263 (25.36%) CRF07_BC, and 623 (12.51%) subtype B, accounting for 88.99% of the total sequences. From 2000 to 2016, the prevalence of CRF01_AE was stable, comprising nearly half of all sequences over time (58.33-45.38%, p=0.071). CRF07_BC increased slightly from 13.3% to 22.49% (p<0.001), while subtype B decreased dramatically from 41.67% to 9.04% (p<0.001). Demographic reconstruction showed that the greatest expansion of the HIV epidemic occurred between 1999 and 2005. CRF01_AE had a higher estimated evolutionary rate (2.97×10-3 substitutions/site/year) and exhibited more sites under positive selection (25/351 codons) compared to the other subtypes. Network analyses showed that CRF07_BC (68.29%, 84/123) had a higher proportion of cross-region networks than CRF01_AE (49.1%, 174/354) and subtype B (36.46%, 35/96) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The predominant subtypes of HIV-1 in Chinese MSM have different evolutionary characteristics and transmission patterns, which poses a significant challenge to HIV treatment and disease prevention

Study and Simulation of Deformation Mechanics Modeling of Flexible Workpiece Processing by Rayleigh-Ritz Method

This paper discusses the calculation problems of bending deformation of FWP processing. Take three axis CNC machining as an example, to establish mechanics model of flexible workpiece processing process. The flexible workpiece balance equation is a two-dimensional partial differential equation, to solve the problem of flexible workpiece bending deformation using Rayleigh-Ritz method and designing the test function of bending deformation of flexible workpiece. By satisfying the minimum potential energy condition of FWP processing to work out the approximate solution of bending deformation of flexible workpiece, find out the relationship between material properties of flexible piece, acting force Fz, and deformation value. Finally, the rectangle flexible workpiece which is made up of polyurethane sponge is selected as an experiment subject. The results show that the average relative deviation between theoretical value and observed value is only 5.51%. It is proved that the bending deformation test function satisfies the actual deformation calculation requirements

Topical Application of a Vitamin A Derivative and Its Combination With Non-ablative Fractional Laser Potentiates Cutaneous Influenza Vaccination

Skin contains a large number of antigen presenting cells, making intradermal (ID) injection one of the most effective ways for vaccine administration. However, although current adjuvants may cause severe local reactions and inflammations in the skin, no adjuvant has been approved for ID vaccination so far. Here, we report that topical application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A derivative produced in the human body, augmented cutaneous influenza vaccination. The adjuvant effects were evaluated in a murine vaccination/challenge model by using A/California/07/2009 pandemic vaccine (09V) or a seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV). ATRA drove a Th2-biased immune response, as demonstrated by profoundly elevated IgG1 titer rather than IgG2 titer. Combining ATRA with a non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL), which represents a new category of vaccine adjuvant utilizing physical stimuli to induce self-immune stimulators, further enhanced the efficacy of influenza vaccines with a more balanced Th1/Th2 immune response. The dual adjuvant strengthened cross-reactive immune responses against both homogenous and heterogeneous influenza viral strains. Analysis of gene expression profile showed that ATRA/NAFL stimulated upregulation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors and their downstream factors, leading to a synergistic elevation of type I interferon expression. Consistent with this finding, knocking out IRF3 or IRF7, two key downstream regulatory factors in most nucleic acid sensing pathways, resulted in a significant decrease in the adjuvant effect of ATRA/NAFL. Thus, our study demonstrates that the self molecule ATRA could boost cutaneous influenza vaccination either alone or ideally in combination with NAFL

In vitro expression and analysis of the 826 human G protein-coupled receptors

ABSTRACT G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in all human physiological systems where they are responsible for transducing extracellular signals into cells. GPCRs signal in response to a diverse array of stimuli including light, hormones, and lipids, where these signals affect downstream cascades to impact both health and disease states. Yet, despite their importance as therapeutic targets, detailed molecular structures of only 30 GPCRs have been determined to date. A key challenge to their structure determination is adequate protein expression. Here we report the quantification of protein expression in an insect cell expression system for all 826 human GPCRs using two different fusion constructs. Expression characteristics are analyzed in aggregate and among each of the five distinct subfamilies. These data can be used to identify trends related to GPCR expression between different fusion constructs and between different GPCR families, and to prioritize lead candidates for future structure determination feasibility