Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Kinetic and thermodynamic studies reveal chemokine homologues CC11 and CC24 with an almost identical tertiary structure have different folding pathways

Comparison of folding and unfolding trances of CCL11 and CCL24 fitted with different exponentials. (A) Kinetics traces of CCL11 at 1.5 M GdnHCl fitted with monophasic relaxation eq. (B) Kinetics traces of CCL11 at 1.5 M GdnHCl fitted with biphasic relaxation eq. (C) Kinetics traces of CCL11 at 6 M GdnHCl fitted with monophasic relaxation eq. (D) Kinetics traces of CCL11 at 6 M GdnHCl fitted with biphasic relaxation eq. (E) Kinetics traces of CCL24 at 4 M GdnHCl fitted with monophasic relaxation eq. (F) Kinetics traces of CCL24 at 4 M GdnHCl fitted with biphasic relaxation eq. (G) Kinetics traces of CCL24 at 6 M GdnHCl fitted with monophasic relaxation eq. (H) Kinetics traces of CCL24 at 6 M GdnHCl fitted with biphasic relaxation equation. (a-h) represent the residues of the fits corresponding to (A-H) respectively. (DOCX 1613 kb

Biocompatible Surface-Coated Probe for <i>in Vivo</i>, <i>in Situ</i>, and Microscale Lipidomics of Small Biological Organisms and Cells Using Mass Spectrometry

Lipidomics is a significant way to understand the structural and functional roles that lipids play in biological systems. Although many mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics strategies have recently achieve remarkable results, <i>in vivo</i>, <i>in situ</i>, and microscale lipidomics for small biological organisms and cells have not yet been obtained. In this article, we report a novel lipidomics methodology for <i>in vivo</i>, <i>in situ</i>, and microscale investigation of small biological organisms and cells using biocompatible surface-coated probe nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (BSCP-nanoESI-MS). A novel biocompatible surface-coated solid-phase microextration (SPME) probe is prepared, which possesses a probe-end diameter of less than 5 μm and shows excellent enrichment capacity toward lipid species. <i>In vivo</i> extraction of living biological organisms (e.g., zebrafishes), <i>in situ</i> sampling a precise position of small organisms (e.g., <i>Daphnia magna</i>), and even microscale analysis of single eukaryotic cells (e.g., HepG2) are easily achieved by the SPME probe. After extraction, the loaded SPME probe is directly applied for nanoESI-MS analysis, and a high-resolution mass spectrometer is employed for recording spectra and identifying lipid species. Compared with the conventional direct infusion shotgun MS lipidomics, our proposed methodology shows a similar result of lipid profiles but with simpler sample pretreatment, less sample consumption, and shorter analytical times. Lipidomics of zebrafish, <i>Daphnia magna</i>, and HepG2 cell populations were investigated by our proposed BSCP-nanoESI-MS methodology, and abundant lipid compositions were detected and identified and biomarkers were obtained via multivariate statistical analysis

Phase solubility diagram of PA and <i>β</i>-CD at 25, 35°C (n = 3).

<p>Phase solubility diagram of PA and <i>β</i>-CD at 25, 35°C (n = 3).</p

Chemical structures of (A) PA and (B) <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin.

<p>Chemical structures of (A) PA and (B) <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin.</p

Characterization of PA, <i>β</i>-CD, PA/CD CI, and PA/CD PM.

<p>(A) DSC thermograms. (B) IR spectra. (C) 6 PXRD patterns. (D) SEM spectra.</p

Degradation profiles of PA-CD inclusion complex (a, c, e) and PA (b, d, f).

<p>Thermal stability (a, b), humidity stability (c,d), and photostability (e,f).</p

Lowest energy PA-<i>β</i>-CD docked complex.

<p>(A) Stick model. (B) The optimized model. Yellow stick represents <i>β</i>-CD and grey small molecule represents PA.</p