11 research outputs found
Molybdenum Chloride Nanostructures with Giant Lattice Distortions Intercalated into Bilayer Graphene
The nanospace of the van der Waals (vdW) gap between
structural
units of two-dimensional (2D) materials serves as a platform for growing
unusual 2D systems through intercalation and studying their properties.
Various kinds of metal chlorides have previously been intercalated
for tuning the properties of host layered materials, but the atomic
structure of the intercalants remains still unidentified. In this
study, we investigate the atomic structural transformation of molybdenum(V)
chloride (MoCl5) after intercalation into bilayer graphene
(BLG). Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we found that
the intercalated material represents MoCl3 networks, MoCl2 chains, and Mo5Cl10 rings. Giant lattice
distortions and frequent structural transitions occur in the 2D MoClx that have never been observed in metal chloride
systems. The trend of symmetric to nonsymmetric structural transformations
can cause additional charge transfer from BLG to the intercalated
MoClx, as suggested by our density functional
theory calculations. Our study deepens the understanding of the behavior
of matter in the confined space of the vdW gap in BLG and provides
hints at a more efficient tuning of material properties by intercalation
for potential applications, including transparent conductive films,
optoelectronics, and energy storage
Molybdenum Chloride Nanostructures with Giant Lattice Distortions Intercalated into Bilayer Graphene
The nanospace of the van der Waals (vdW) gap between
structural
units of two-dimensional (2D) materials serves as a platform for growing
unusual 2D systems through intercalation and studying their properties.
Various kinds of metal chlorides have previously been intercalated
for tuning the properties of host layered materials, but the atomic
structure of the intercalants remains still unidentified. In this
study, we investigate the atomic structural transformation of molybdenum(V)
chloride (MoCl5) after intercalation into bilayer graphene
(BLG). Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we found that
the intercalated material represents MoCl3 networks, MoCl2 chains, and Mo5Cl10 rings. Giant lattice
distortions and frequent structural transitions occur in the 2D MoClx that have never been observed in metal chloride
systems. The trend of symmetric to nonsymmetric structural transformations
can cause additional charge transfer from BLG to the intercalated
MoClx, as suggested by our density functional
theory calculations. Our study deepens the understanding of the behavior
of matter in the confined space of the vdW gap in BLG and provides
hints at a more efficient tuning of material properties by intercalation
for potential applications, including transparent conductive films,
optoelectronics, and energy storage
Molybdenum Chloride Nanostructures with Giant Lattice Distortions Intercalated into Bilayer Graphene
The nanospace of the van der Waals (vdW) gap between
structural
units of two-dimensional (2D) materials serves as a platform for growing
unusual 2D systems through intercalation and studying their properties.
Various kinds of metal chlorides have previously been intercalated
for tuning the properties of host layered materials, but the atomic
structure of the intercalants remains still unidentified. In this
study, we investigate the atomic structural transformation of molybdenum(V)
chloride (MoCl5) after intercalation into bilayer graphene
(BLG). Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we found that
the intercalated material represents MoCl3 networks, MoCl2 chains, and Mo5Cl10 rings. Giant lattice
distortions and frequent structural transitions occur in the 2D MoClx that have never been observed in metal chloride
systems. The trend of symmetric to nonsymmetric structural transformations
can cause additional charge transfer from BLG to the intercalated
MoClx, as suggested by our density functional
theory calculations. Our study deepens the understanding of the behavior
of matter in the confined space of the vdW gap in BLG and provides
hints at a more efficient tuning of material properties by intercalation
for potential applications, including transparent conductive films,
optoelectronics, and energy storage
Molybdenum Chloride Nanostructures with Giant Lattice Distortions Intercalated into Bilayer Graphene
The nanospace of the van der Waals (vdW) gap between
structural
units of two-dimensional (2D) materials serves as a platform for growing
unusual 2D systems through intercalation and studying their properties.
Various kinds of metal chlorides have previously been intercalated
for tuning the properties of host layered materials, but the atomic
structure of the intercalants remains still unidentified. In this
study, we investigate the atomic structural transformation of molybdenum(V)
chloride (MoCl5) after intercalation into bilayer graphene
(BLG). Using scanning transmission electron microscopy, we found that
the intercalated material represents MoCl3 networks, MoCl2 chains, and Mo5Cl10 rings. Giant lattice
distortions and frequent structural transitions occur in the 2D MoClx that have never been observed in metal chloride
systems. The trend of symmetric to nonsymmetric structural transformations
can cause additional charge transfer from BLG to the intercalated
MoClx, as suggested by our density functional
theory calculations. Our study deepens the understanding of the behavior
of matter in the confined space of the vdW gap in BLG and provides
hints at a more efficient tuning of material properties by intercalation
for potential applications, including transparent conductive films,
optoelectronics, and energy storage
In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode
We
report real time imaging of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)
in all solid state sodium oxygen batteries (SOBs) with CuO nanowires
(NWs) as the air cathode in an aberration-corrected environmental
transmission electron microscope under an oxygen environment. The
ORR occurred in a distinct two-step reaction, namely, a first conversion
reaction followed by a second multiple ORR. In the former, CuO was
first converted to Cu<sub>2</sub>O and then to Cu; in the latter,
NaO<sub>2</sub> formed first, followed by its disproportionation to
Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Concurrent with the
two distinct electrochemical reactions, the CuO NWs experienced multiple
consecutive large volume expansions. It is evident that the freshly
formed ultrafine-grained Cu in the conversion reaction catalyzed the
latter one-electron-transfer ORR, leading to the formation of NaO<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, no carbonate formation was detected in the oxygen
cathode after cycling due to the absence of carbon source in the whole
battery setup. These results provide fundamental understanding into
the oxygen chemistry in the carbonless air cathode in all solid state
Na–O<sub>2</sub> batteries
In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode
We
report real time imaging of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)
in all solid state sodium oxygen batteries (SOBs) with CuO nanowires
(NWs) as the air cathode in an aberration-corrected environmental
transmission electron microscope under an oxygen environment. The
ORR occurred in a distinct two-step reaction, namely, a first conversion
reaction followed by a second multiple ORR. In the former, CuO was
first converted to Cu<sub>2</sub>O and then to Cu; in the latter,
NaO<sub>2</sub> formed first, followed by its disproportionation to
Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Concurrent with the
two distinct electrochemical reactions, the CuO NWs experienced multiple
consecutive large volume expansions. It is evident that the freshly
formed ultrafine-grained Cu in the conversion reaction catalyzed the
latter one-electron-transfer ORR, leading to the formation of NaO<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, no carbonate formation was detected in the oxygen
cathode after cycling due to the absence of carbon source in the whole
battery setup. These results provide fundamental understanding into
the oxygen chemistry in the carbonless air cathode in all solid state
Na–O<sub>2</sub> batteries
In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode
We
report real time imaging of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)
in all solid state sodium oxygen batteries (SOBs) with CuO nanowires
(NWs) as the air cathode in an aberration-corrected environmental
transmission electron microscope under an oxygen environment. The
ORR occurred in a distinct two-step reaction, namely, a first conversion
reaction followed by a second multiple ORR. In the former, CuO was
first converted to Cu<sub>2</sub>O and then to Cu; in the latter,
NaO<sub>2</sub> formed first, followed by its disproportionation to
Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Concurrent with the
two distinct electrochemical reactions, the CuO NWs experienced multiple
consecutive large volume expansions. It is evident that the freshly
formed ultrafine-grained Cu in the conversion reaction catalyzed the
latter one-electron-transfer ORR, leading to the formation of NaO<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, no carbonate formation was detected in the oxygen
cathode after cycling due to the absence of carbon source in the whole
battery setup. These results provide fundamental understanding into
the oxygen chemistry in the carbonless air cathode in all solid state
Na–O<sub>2</sub> batteries
In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode
We
report real time imaging of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)
in all solid state sodium oxygen batteries (SOBs) with CuO nanowires
(NWs) as the air cathode in an aberration-corrected environmental
transmission electron microscope under an oxygen environment. The
ORR occurred in a distinct two-step reaction, namely, a first conversion
reaction followed by a second multiple ORR. In the former, CuO was
first converted to Cu<sub>2</sub>O and then to Cu; in the latter,
NaO<sub>2</sub> formed first, followed by its disproportionation to
Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Concurrent with the
two distinct electrochemical reactions, the CuO NWs experienced multiple
consecutive large volume expansions. It is evident that the freshly
formed ultrafine-grained Cu in the conversion reaction catalyzed the
latter one-electron-transfer ORR, leading to the formation of NaO<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, no carbonate formation was detected in the oxygen
cathode after cycling due to the absence of carbon source in the whole
battery setup. These results provide fundamental understanding into
the oxygen chemistry in the carbonless air cathode in all solid state
Na–O<sub>2</sub> batteries
In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode
We
report real time imaging of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)
in all solid state sodium oxygen batteries (SOBs) with CuO nanowires
(NWs) as the air cathode in an aberration-corrected environmental
transmission electron microscope under an oxygen environment. The
ORR occurred in a distinct two-step reaction, namely, a first conversion
reaction followed by a second multiple ORR. In the former, CuO was
first converted to Cu<sub>2</sub>O and then to Cu; in the latter,
NaO<sub>2</sub> formed first, followed by its disproportionation to
Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Concurrent with the
two distinct electrochemical reactions, the CuO NWs experienced multiple
consecutive large volume expansions. It is evident that the freshly
formed ultrafine-grained Cu in the conversion reaction catalyzed the
latter one-electron-transfer ORR, leading to the formation of NaO<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, no carbonate formation was detected in the oxygen
cathode after cycling due to the absence of carbon source in the whole
battery setup. These results provide fundamental understanding into
the oxygen chemistry in the carbonless air cathode in all solid state
Na–O<sub>2</sub> batteries
In Situ Imaging the Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Solid State Na–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries with CuO Nanowires as the Air Cathode
We
report real time imaging of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs)
in all solid state sodium oxygen batteries (SOBs) with CuO nanowires
(NWs) as the air cathode in an aberration-corrected environmental
transmission electron microscope under an oxygen environment. The
ORR occurred in a distinct two-step reaction, namely, a first conversion
reaction followed by a second multiple ORR. In the former, CuO was
first converted to Cu<sub>2</sub>O and then to Cu; in the latter,
NaO<sub>2</sub> formed first, followed by its disproportionation to
Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Concurrent with the
two distinct electrochemical reactions, the CuO NWs experienced multiple
consecutive large volume expansions. It is evident that the freshly
formed ultrafine-grained Cu in the conversion reaction catalyzed the
latter one-electron-transfer ORR, leading to the formation of NaO<sub>2</sub>. Remarkably, no carbonate formation was detected in the oxygen
cathode after cycling due to the absence of carbon source in the whole
battery setup. These results provide fundamental understanding into
the oxygen chemistry in the carbonless air cathode in all solid state
Na–O<sub>2</sub> batteries