A Bioenvironment-Responsive Versatile Nanoplatform Enabling Rapid Clearance and Effective Tumor Homing for Oxygen-Enhanced Radiotherapy

Nanoradiosensitizer-augmented cancer radiotherapy (RT) has been widely investigated, whereas the desirable nanoradiosensitizer with the characteristics of rapid clearance, effective tumor homing, and tumor hypoxia relief is still lacking. Herein, bismuth sulfide–albumin composite nanospheres followed by catalase conjugation (denoted as BSNSs-CAT) have been well constructed as a bioenvironment-responsive nanoradiosensitizer platform. The BSNSs-CAT phagocytosed by normal cells demonstrate architectural disintegration into small ones in response to physiological pH, achieving small size-favored rapid clearance, which largely mitigates the concern of long-term toxicity of BSNSs-CAT in normal tissues. More importantly, benefiting from their large size-favored enhanced permeability and retention effect, BSNSs-CAT accumulate efficiently in tumors and remain architecturally stable in a mildly acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), which strongly favors a response with H₂O₂ overproduced TME. As a result, the produced intratumor oxygen could overcome tumor hypoxia-associated RT resistance, together with the radiosensitization effect of bismuth, collectively enhancing RT efficacy. This research demonstrates a versatile material solution by fully exploring its bioenvironment-responsive nature, offering a new strategy for nanomedicine design and application

Nonhalogenated Solvent Processable and Printable High-Performance Polymer Semiconductor Enabled by Isomeric Nonconjugated Flexible Linkers

One major advantage of organic electronics is their superior processability relative to traditional silicon-based materials. However, most high-performing polymer semiconductors exhibit poor solubility and require toxic chlorinated solvents coupled with inefficient coating methods such as spin-coating for device fabrication. Therefore, developing polymer semiconductors that are processable in environmentally benign solvents and compatible with effective printing techniques while maintaining good charge transport properties is crucial for the industrialization of low-cost and lightweight plastic electronics. In this study, alkyl flexible linkers with branched tertiary carbon atoms are inserted to a high-mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer backbone to suppress polymer aggregation in solution, decrease crystallinity, and increase free volume. The polymer readily dissolves in industrial solvents and shows a 70-fold increase in solubility compared to its fully conjugated counterpart. Furthermore, due to its high solubility, the polymer can be inkjet-printed and solution-sheared at high concentrations using eco-friendly solvents such as <i>p</i>-xylene and 2-methyltetra­hydrofuran with a maximum hole mobility of 2.76 cm² V^–1 s^–1 and on–off ratio above 10⁵ in organic field-effect transistors

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics

Quadruple H‑Bonding Cross-Linked Supramolecular Polymeric Materials as Substrates for Stretchable, Antitearing, and Self-Healable Thin Film Electrodes

Herein, we report a de novo chemical design of supramolecular polymer materials (SPMs-<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) by condensation polymerization, consisting of (i) soft polymeric chains (polytetramethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol) and (ii) strong and reversible quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers (from 0 to 30 mol %). The former contributes to the formation of the soft domain of the SPMs, and the latter furnishes the SPMs with desirable mechanical properties, thereby producing soft, stretchable, yet tough elastomers. The resulting SPM-<b>2</b> was observed to be highly stretchable (up to 17 000% strain), tough (fracture energy ∼30 000 J/m²), and self-healing, which are highly desirable properties and are superior to previously reported elastomers and tough hydrogels. Furthermore, a gold, thin film electrode deposited on this SPM substrate retains its conductivity and combines high stretchability (∼400%), fracture/notch insensitivity, self-healing, and good interfacial adhesion with the gold film. Again, these properties are all highly complementary to commonly used polydimethylsiloxane-based thin film metal electrodes. Last, we proceed to demonstrate the practical utility of our fabricated electrode via both in vivo and in vitro measurements of electromyography signals. This fundamental understanding obtained from the investigation of these SPMs will facilitate the progress of intelligent soft materials and flexible electronics