EST markers of the wax inhibitors mapped in the <i>Iw1</i> and <i>Iw2</i> genomic regions.

<p>EST markers of the wax inhibitors mapped in the <i>Iw1</i> and <i>Iw2</i> genomic regions.</p

Comparative high-resolution genetic linkage maps of the wax inhibitors <i>Iw1</i> and <i>Iw2</i> in wheat.

<p>(1a) Physical bin map of <i>Iw1</i>. <i>Iw1</i> was mapped to distal bin 2BS3-0.84-1.00. (1b) Genetic linkage map of <i>Iw1</i> on wheat chromosome 2BS with genetic distances in cM shown on the left, markers shown on the right. (1c) The orthologous genomic region of <i>Iw1</i> on <i>Brachypodium</i> chromosome 5 with putative genes on the left. (1d) The orthologous genomic region of <i>Iw1</i> on sorghum chromosome 6 with putative genes on the right. (1e) The orthologous genomic region of <i>Iw1</i> on rice chromosome 4 with putative genes on the right. (1f) Genetic linkage map of <i>Iw2</i> on wheat chromosome 2DS using the ITMI population. Genetic distances in cM are shown on the left, and markers are shown on the right. (1g) DH population genetic linkage map of <i>Iw2</i> on wheat chromosome 2DS. The markers are shown on the left, and genetic distances in cM are shown on the right. The lines and green solid boxes indicated orthologous gene pairs and the blue solid boxes indicated non-orthologous genes between wheat, <i>Brachypodium</i>, rice and sorghum.</p

Genetic analysis of wax inhibitors <i>Iw1</i> and <i>Iw2</i> in hexaploid wheat.

<p>A, H, B represent homozygous non-glaucousness, heterozygous and homozygous glaucousness, respectively.</p

Colinearity between Brachypodium, sorghum and rice in the syntenic genomic region of wheat wax inhibitors <i>Iw1</i> and <i>Iw2.</i>

<p>Colinearity between Brachypodium, sorghum and rice in the syntenic genomic region of wheat wax inhibitors <i>Iw1</i> and <i>Iw2.</i></p

Fine Physical and Genetic Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene <i>MlIW172</i> Originating from Wild Emmer (<i>Triticum dicoccoides</i>)

<div><p>Powdery mildew, caused by <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>, is one of the most important wheat diseases in the world. In this study, a single dominant powdery mildew resistance gene <i>MlIW172</i> was identified in the IW172 wild emmer accession and mapped to the distal region of chromosome arm 7AL (bin7AL-16-0.86-0.90) via molecular marker analysis. <i>MlIW172</i> was closely linked with the RFLP probe <i>Xpsr680</i>-derived STS marker <i>Xmag2185</i> and the EST markers <i>BE405531</i> and <i>BE637476</i>. This suggested that <i>MlIW172</i> might be allelic to the <i>Pm1</i> locus or a new locus closely linked to <i>Pm1</i>. By screening genomic BAC library of durum wheat cv. Langdon and 7AL-specific BAC library of hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring, and after analyzing genome scaffolds of <i>Triticum urartu</i> containing the marker sequences, additional markers were developed to construct a fine genetic linkage map on the <i>MlIW172</i> locus region and to delineate the resistance gene within a 0.48 cM interval. Comparative genetics analyses using ESTs and RFLP probe sequences flanking the <i>MlIW172</i> region against other grass species revealed a general co-linearity in this region with the orthologous genomic regions of rice chromosome 6, <i>Brachypodium</i> chromosome 1, and sorghum chromosome 10. However, orthologous resistance gene-like RGA sequences were only present in wheat and <i>Brachypodium</i>. The BAC contigs and sequence scaffolds that we have developed provide a framework for the physical mapping and map-based cloning of <i>MlIW172</i>.</p></div

Mapped wheat EST markers and ortholgous gene pairs among <i>Brachypodium</i>, rice and sorghum

<p>Mapped wheat EST markers and ortholgous gene pairs among <i>Brachypodium</i>, rice and sorghum</p

PCR amplification patterns of the markers <i>WGGC4656, WGGC4657, WGGC4658, WGGC4659, WGGC4660, WGGC4661, WGGC4662, WGGC4663, WGGC4664</i>, and <i>WGGC4665</i> in 8% non-denatured polyacrylamide gels.

<p>M: 2kb DNA marker. Lanes 1 and 2 are IW172 and Mo75, respectively, lanes 3–6 represent homozygous resistant plants, lanes 7–10 represent homozygous susceptible plants, and lanes 11–14 represent heterozygous resistant plants.</p

Genetic and comparative genomics linkage map of powdery mildew resistance gene <i>MlIW172</i> derived from wild emmer.

<p><b>A: </b><i>MlIW172</i> physical bin map. <i>MlIW172</i> was mapped to the distal bin 7AL16-0.86-0.90. <b>B:</b> Preliminary <i>MlIW172</i> genetic map on wheat chromosome arm 7AL with genetic distances in cM shown on the left, markers shown on the right. <b>C: </b><i>MlIW172</i> high-resolution genetic map on wheat 7AL arm with genetic distances in cM shown on the left, EST-STS, EST-SSR and SSR markers shown on the right. Molecular markers that were previously assigned to the 7A wheat deletion bin map (<b>A</b>) are connected to the physical map with solid lines. The <i>MlIW172</i> locus is in red and underlined. The markers which served as anchors, establishing colinearity between the <i>MlIW172</i> genetic map and the sequences of <i>Brachypodium</i>, rice and sorghum, are connected to the <i>Brachypodium</i> gene with solid lines. <b>D:</b> The <i>MlIW172</i> orthologous genomic region on <i>Brachypodium</i> chromosome 1 (150kb) with orthologous genes shown on the right. The four genes in green represent the RGA cluster. <b>E:</b> The <i>MlIW172</i> orthologous genomic region on rice chromosome 6 (85.8kb) with orthologous genes shown on the right. <b>F:</b> The <i>MlIW172</i> orthologous genomic region on sorghum chromosome 10 (138.9kb) with orthologous genes shown on the right.</p

Integrative views of the <i>MlIW172</i> gene loci with other previously published <i>Pm</i> genes on chromosome arm 7AL.

<p>The loci can be classified into three groups (Group I; Group II; Group III) based on their order and genetic distance to markers <i>Xwmc525</i> and <i>Xgwm344</i>.</p

Physical map of the BAC contigs and scaffolds flanking the <i>MlIW172</i> locus anchored to the high-resolution genetic map.

<p>The approximate physical locations of all the newly designed markers are given on the BAC contigs or scaffolds.</p