Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Driving Factors of Green Building Development in China

With the development of the world economy and the rapid increase in population, the carbon dioxide produced by large energy consumption has made environmental issues increasingly prominent, which has brought severe challenges to the survival and development of human society. The construction industry, as a major energy consumer and emitter, must change. Green buildings are an important way to promote the concept of sustainable development in the construction industry. In order to deepen the understanding of the spatial-temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of China’s green building development, this study collected statistical data of China’s green building label projects from 2008 to 2018, and studied the development status of China’s green buildings in three aspects: equilibrium, spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation. In addition, the driving factors of green buildings development were analyzed by using geological detectors. The results show that: (1) China’s green building development level has a high spatial imbalance and obvious agglomeration situation, but there is a large diffusion effect; (2) the spatial distribution characteristics, such as the distribution center, distribution range, distribution direction, and distribution shape of green buildings are constantly changing, and the changes have regularity; (3) in the early stage of green building development, there was a significant positive correlation, but most provinces were in low–low clusters; (4) economic level, technical level, and education level are the main factors influencing the development of green buildings

A dual perspective on risk perception and its effect on safety behavior:A moderated mediation model of safety motivation, and supervisor's and coworkers’ safety climate

Previous studies have acknowledged the impact of risk perception on safety behavior, but were largely controversial. This study aims to clarify this conflict and the mechanism through which risk perception can have an impact on safety behavior. From the perspective of the dual attribute of the job demand concept in job demands–resources theory, we posit that risk perception can be considered as a job hindrance or a job challenge depending on the context, thereby resulting in a negative or positive impact on safety behavior, respectively. The current research context is the construction industry and the hypotheses were tested using hierarchically nested data collected from 311 workers in 35 workgroups. Risk perception was demonstrated to be a job hindrance exerting a negative impact on safety behavior and safety motivation mediated this effect. In addition, two dimensions of group-level safety climate––supervisor's and coworkers’––were expected to alleviate or even reverse the detrimental effects of hindrance risk perception on safety motivation and on safety behavior via motivation. A moderation model and a first-stage moderated mediation model were established, respectively, for testing the moderating roles of safety climate in the relationship between risk perception and safety motivation, and in the indirect relationship of risk perception with safety behavior via motivation. Surprisingly, contrary to the hypotheses, when supervisor's safety climate changed from a low level to a high level, the impact of risk perception on safety motivation changed from positive to negative, and the negative effect of risk perception on safety behavior via safety motivation was not alleviated but worsened. As expected, for workers in a positive coworkers’ safety climate, the negative effect of risk perception on motivation and the indirect negative effect of risk perception on behavior were both reversed to the positive. This indicates that coworkers’ safety climate helped to change perceived risk from a job hindrance to a challenge. This research contributes to workplace risk perception and safety behavior research by theoretically viewing risk perception as a dual job hindrance–challenge concept and proposing two competing hypotheses concerning the impact of risk perception on safety behavior. The empirical investigation confirmed the hindrance attribute of risk perception in the construction context. It provides a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for future research to synthesize the conflict risk perception–safety behavior relationship. We also contribute to the literature by pointing out the potential negative role of certain supervisor safety activities such as paternalistic leadership in influencing employee safety.</p

Global Convergence of Over-parameterized Deep Equilibrium Models

A deep equilibrium model (DEQ) is implicitly defined through an equilibrium point of an infinite-depth weight-tied model with an input-injection. Instead of infinite computations, it solves an equilibrium point directly with root-finding and computes gradients with implicit differentiation. The training dynamics of over-parameterized DEQs are investigated in this study. By supposing a condition on the initial equilibrium point, we show that the unique equilibrium point always exists during the training process, and the gradient descent is proved to converge to a globally optimal solution at a linear convergence rate for the quadratic loss function. In order to show that the required initial condition is satisfied via mild over-parameterization, we perform a fine-grained analysis on random DEQs. We propose a novel probabilistic framework to overcome the technical difficulty in the non-asymptotic analysis of infinite-depth weight-tied models

Excellent clinical outcomes of renal transplant from pediatric deceased donors with acute kidney injury

Abstract Background The use of kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) to expand the donor pool is an ongoing trend. Prior research on the utilization of AKI donor kidneys, especially from pediatric AKI donors, was limited and has been subject to small sample sizes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of early post-transplantation outcomes in pediatric deceased donors with AKI. Methods This retrospective study compared the clinical results (including delayed graft function [DGF], acute rejection, patient and death-censored graft survival rates and renal function post-transplant) of kidney transplantation from deceased donors who were categorized as pediatric donors and adult donors with or without AKI, as defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KIDGO) criteria, at our center between January 2018 and December 2020. Results Of the 740 patients, 154 received kidneys from pediatric donors (with AKI group [n = 41]; without AKI group [n = 113]), and 586 received kidneys from adult donors (with AKI group [n = 218]; without AKI group [n = 368]). The baseline characteristics were similar in both cohorts. No significant difference was observed in 1-year patient survival, death-censored graft survival, or acute rejection between the AKI and non-AKI groups in both the pediatric and adult cohorts. However, compared with those transplanted with adult AKI kidneys, those transplanted with pediatric AKI kidneys showed a superior recovery of allograft function. In pediatric cohorts, no significant difference was found in serum creatinine/estimated glomerular filtration rate (SCr/eGFR) between the AKI and non-AKI groups, even in the first week post-transplant. In contrast, the post-transplant SCr/eGFR level of the AKI group recipients in adult cohorts did not recover to a level statistically similar to that of non-AKI recipients, even at 6-months post-transplant. Nonetheless, AKI kidney recipients were at an increased risk of DGF in both pediatric (34.1% vs. 16.8%) and adult (38.5% vs. 17.4%) cohorts. Conclusions Kidney transplantation from deceased donors with AKI has short-term clinical outcomes comparable to those of non-AKI kidney transplantation. Pediatric AKI kidneys have a superior recovery of allograft function. The transplant community should utilize this donor pool to minimize waiting-list-related mortalities