13,061 research outputs found
From demon to deity : Kang Wang in thirteenth-century Jizhou and beyond
This essay discusses the cult of a deity known as Kang Wang, worshipped throughout Jizhou in thirteenth-century Jiangxi. The identity of this deity remains to some extent mysterious; many different identifying stories for Kang Wang coexist. Underneath these guises, however, his origins as a fearsome and unnamed demon shine through. I argue that the various representations of Kang Wang must be understood as resulting from the very different agendas of the authors who created those identities, but they all share one aim: covering up the demonic roots of the deity. Providing a name and place of origin for the deity should be seen as attempts to exert authority over this demonic force
Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications
In the wake of intense research on metamaterials the two-dimensional
analogue, known as metasurfaces, has attracted progressively increasing
attention in recent years due to the ease of fabrication and smaller insertion
losses, while enabling an unprecedented control over spatial distributions of
transmitted and reflected optical fields. Metasurfaces represent optically thin
planar arrays of resonant subwavelength elements that can be arranged in a
strictly or quasi periodic fashion, or even in an aperiodic manner, depending
on targeted optical wavefronts to be molded with their help. This paper reviews
a broad subclass of metasurfaces, viz. gradient metasurfaces, which are devised
to exhibit spatially varying optical responses resulting in spatially varying
amplitudes, phases and polarizations of scattered fields. Starting with
introducing the concept of gradient metasurfaces, we present classification of
different metasurfaces from the viewpoint of their responses, differentiating
electrical-dipole, geometric, reflective and Huygens' metasurfaces. The
fundamental building blocks essential for the realization of metasurfaces are
then discussed in order to elucidate the underlying physics of various physical
realizations of both plasmonic and purely dielectric metasurfaces. We then
overview the main applications of gradient metasurfaces, including waveplates,
flat lenses, spiral phase plates, broadband absorbers, color printing,
holograms, polarimeters and surface wave couplers. The review is terminated
with a short section on recently developed nonlinear metasurfaces, followed by
the outlook presenting our view on possible future developments and
perspectives for future applications.Comment: Accepted for publication in Reports on Progress in Physic
-Box Optimization for Green Cloud-RAN via Network Adaptation
In this paper, we propose a reformulation for the Mixed Integer Programming
(MIP) problem into an exact and continuous model through using the -box
technique to recast the binary constraints into a box with an sphere
constraint. The reformulated problem can be tackled by a dual ascent algorithm
combined with a Majorization-Minimization (MM) method for the subproblems to
solve the network power consumption problem of the Cloud Radio Access Network
(Cloud-RAN), and which leads to solving a sequence of Difference of Convex (DC)
subproblems handled by an inexact MM algorithm. After obtaining the final
solution, we use it as the initial result of the bi-section Group Sparse
Beamforming (GSBF) algorithm to promote the group-sparsity of beamformers,
rather than using the weighted -norm. Simulation results
indicate that the new method outperforms the bi-section GSBF algorithm by
achieving smaller network power consumption, especially in sparser cases, i.e.,
Cloud-RANs with a lot of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) but fewer users.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
- β¦