Systolic BP before and after treatment with ARBs for 3 days.

<p>Systolic BP was measured before (day 0) and after (day 3) feeding mice chow containing losartan (n = 15, green), irbesartan (n = 15, blue) or telmisartan (n = 15, violet) at 2 g drug/kg chow, or normal chow (n = 8, orange) available <i>ad libidum</i>. Compared to mice fed normal chow, mice fed losartan, irbesartan or telmisartan chow had significantly lower BP (p < 10⁻⁴). Box plots show the median (thick line), first and third quatriles (lower and upper box sides), with vertical lines representing 5^th and 95^th percentiles. Data outside the 5^th to 95^th percentiles are shown as individual data points (black symbols).</p

Tissue distribution of losartan after delivery <i>via</i> drinking water.

<p>Concentrations of losartan (left) and its active metabolite, EXP 3174 (right) in the plasma (red symbols) and eye (blue symbols) were determined by LC/MS after 3 days of treatment with 1.2 g/L losartan in water available <i>ad libidum</i>. At different time points, mice (n = 3) were sacrificed and eyes and plasma were collected for LC/MS. Approximate peak concentrations were determined by gathering samples at the end of the active nocturnal phase. Approximate trough concentrations were determined by gathering samples at the end of the inactive daytime phase. Symbols represent mean/SD.</p

Change in IOP after treatment with ARBs for 3 and 7 days.

<p>Significant reductions of IOP were found for mice treated with irbesartan (p = 0.016 and 0.013) and telmisartan (p = 0.012 and 0.008) at day 3 and 7, respectively, compared to mice fed normal chow, but not for losartan treated mice. IOP decreased significantly faster for mice treated with irbesartan (p = 0.030) and telmisartan (p = 0.019), compared to mice fed normal chow, while losartan had no significant effect. Symbols and error bars represent mean and 95% confidence intervals; orange: normal chow, green: losartan, blue: irbesartan, purple: telmisartan. Data are from 14–17 mice/treatment for days 0 and 3 and 10 mice/treatment for day 7. Median IOP values for day 0 were 17.2, 16.9, 17.0 and 16.7 for normal, losartan, irbesartan and telmisartan-treated mice, respectively.</p

Tissue distribution of ARBs after delivery <i>via</i> chow.

<p>Mice (n = 11) were fed chow containing losartan, irbesartan or telmisartan available <i>ad libidum</i>. After 3 days, mice were sacrificed and eyes, brain, and plasma were collected for LC/MS analysis of drug concentrations. Irbesartan, telmisartan, losartan and EXP 3174 were detected in eyes, brain, and plasma samples. Solid symbols represent data from individual mice, with mean indicated as horizontal line for each group. Data are visualized on logarithmic scale.</p

Novel Nanostructured Paper with Ultrahigh Transparency and Ultrahigh Haze for Solar Cells

Solar cell substrates require high optical transparency but also prefer high optical haze to increase the light scattering and consequently the absorption in the active materials. Unfortunately, there is a trade-off between these optical properties, which is exemplified by common transparent paper substrates exhibiting a transparency of about 90% yet a low optical haze (<20%). In this work, we introduce a novel transparent paper made of wood fibers that displays both ultrahigh optical transparency (∼96%) and ultrahigh haze (∼60%), thus delivering an optimal substrate design for solar cell devices. Compared to previously demonstrated nanopaper composed of wood-based cellulose nanofibers, our novel transparent paper has better dual performance in transmittance and haze but also is fabricated at a much lower cost. This high-performance, low-cost transparent paper is a potentially revolutionary material that may influence a new generation of environmentally friendly printed electronics

Association between lipid peroxidation and risk of type 2 diabetes in women

In-vitro and animal studies demonstrate that lipid peroxidation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, human data from prospective studies are limited and contradictory. We used data originally collected in two nested case-control studies of cancer to prospectively evaluate whether systemic levels of lipid peroxidation were associated with incidence of T2D in 1917 women who were 40–70 years old and diabetes-free at baseline. Lipid peroxidation was measured by urinary F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) and its major metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP (F2-IsoP-M) with GC/NICI-MS assays. The Cox regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident T2D. After a median follow-up of 10.1 years, 187 women were diagnosed with T2D. Urinary concentrations of both F2-IsoPs and F2-IsoP-M were significantly higher in T2D cases than in non-cases. Both biomarkers were positively associated with subsequent risk of T2D in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. When further adjusted for body mass index (BMI), the positive association with F2-IsoP-M was attenuated and no longer statistically significant, whereas the association with F2-IsoPs remained (P for overall significance 2-IsoPs. Moreover, this association appeared more pronounced among women with higher BMI. In summary, our study suggests that F2-IsoPs could be of significance in T2D risk prediction among middle-aged and elderly women.</p