Synaptosome NR2B-receptor Protein in Prefrontal Cortex.

<p>Analysis of OD value show that the relative quantity of NR2B-receptor protein of prefrontal cortex in Tg and Wt mice is 0.5±0.1 and 0.13±0.02, respectively (p<0.05, Student's <i>t</i>-test).</p

12-week but not 6-week curcumin treatment induced a significant increase of BrdU-positive cells in dentate gyrus.

<p>A and B: BrdU immunhistology results from the representative slices of 6-week curcumin-treated rats and controls, respectively. C: the statistical results of 6-week curcumin treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis. D and E: BrdU immunhistology results from the representative slices of 12-week curcumin-treated rats and controls, respectively. F: the statistical results of 12-week curcumin treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis. The yellow arrows: the BrdU-positive cells. In C and F, data were expressed as mean ± SEM. *: P<0.05.</p

Relative expression levels of relevant genes in the hippocampus of the aged rats.

<p>A, B: after 6-week curcumin treatment; C, D: after 12-week curcumin treatment;. A, C: the results of real time PCR; B, D: the comparisons of the relative gene expressions compared to control rats between the results of quantitative PCR and microarray experiments. Student <i>t</i>-test, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared to control rats.</p

Social recognition ability and spatial reference memory were enhanced after 6- or 12-week curcumin treatment.

<p>A and C: In the first trial (Exposure, E1) of social recognition task, the curcumin group and control group had the same preference for the juvenile rats. In the second trial (Exposure 2, E2) of social recognition task, the time spent on exploring the novel and the familiar juvenile rats was expressed as E2_(novel) and E2_(familiar), respectively. 6- or 12-week curcumin treatment exhibited the significant lower exploration for the familiar juvenile rat during the second trial (E2). B and D: There was significance difference between curcumin and control groups in investigation index after 6- or 12-week treatment with curcumin treatment in aged rats (P<0.01). Investigation index = E2_(novel)/(E2_(familiar)+E2_(novel)). E and G: Effects of 6- and 12-week curcumin treatment during Morris water maze training sessions. Latency to reach the platform and area under curve (AUC) of latencies are shown. Data are expressed as means (± SEM) of daily averages of 4 trials. The area under curve for latency was no significant difference between drug treatment and control for both 6- (Figure E) and 12-week (Figure G, p>0.05). F and H: Effects of 6- and 12-week curcumin treatment during the Morris water maze probe trial. Time spent in the target quadrants is shown. Curcumin group spent more time in the target quadrant than control group after 12-week drug treatment. *P<0.05.</p

The Role of NR2B Subunit in Enhanced Prefrontal-LTP in Transgenic Slices.

<p>A: NR2A-selectice antagonist (NVP-AAM077) reduced prefrontal cortex l LTP in Wt slices. B: NR2B-selectice antagonist (Ro25-6981) also reduced prefrontal cortex LTP in Wt slices. C: Effect of NVP-AAM077 on prefrontal cortex LTP in Tg slices. D: Ro25-6981 had much larger effect on prefrontal cortex LTP in Tg slices. E: Statistical analysis shows the effects of NVP-AAM077 on prefrontal cortical LTP in both Tg and Wt slice, it indicates a significant involvement of NR2A subunits in prefrontal cortex LTP of both Tg and Wt slices. F: Statistical analysis shows the effects of Ro25-6981 on prefrontal cortex LTP in both Tg and Wt slice, suggesting a significant involvement of NR2B subunits in prefrontal cortex LTP of both Tg and Wt slices. All values are mean ± SEM. Statistical differences were evaluated with Student's <i>t</i> –test (A, B, C, D) and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (E, F)(*denotes p<0.05, **denotes P<0.01).</p

Enhancement of Non-spatial Working Memory in NR2B Transgenic Mice.

<p>A: Performance of the odor span task by transgenic mice and their control littlemate was compared over successive training 16 days. The Tg mice showed significantly improved performance on training days 7,10,11,12 (*p<0.05). B–E: the effect of genotype on stable performance (sessions 13–16) was assessed after Wt and Tg mice reached to a stable performance at sessions 13–16, a significant difference between the two groups was observed in span length (B), % accuracy (C) and error (D), but not in mean span length (E). F: In the no reward probe, the mean span length of each group was comparable with the mean span length of each group across across 11 sessions after the acquisition period (sessions 6–16). All values are mean ± SEM (*denotes p<0.05 when compared to Wt controls).</p

Image_2_CT-based radiomic nomogram for preoperative prediction of DNA mismatch repair deficiency in gastric cancer.tif

BackgroundDNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency has attracted considerable attention as a predictor of the immunotherapy efficacy of solid tumors, including gastric cancer. We aimed to develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomic nomogram for the preoperative prediction of MMR deficiency in gastric cancer (GC).MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 225 and 91 GC patients from two distinct hospital cohorts were included. Cohort 1 was randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 176) and an internal validation cohort (n = 76), whereas cohort 2 was considered an external validation cohort. Based on repeatable radiomic features, a radiomic signature was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. We employed multivariable logistic regression analysis to build a radiomics-based model based on radiomic features and preoperative clinical characteristics. Furthermore, this prediction model was presented as a radiomic nomogram, which was evaluated in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts.ResultsThe radiomic signature composed of 15 robust features showed a significant association with MMR protein status in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts (both P-values ConclusionThe CT-based radiomic nomogram showed good performance for preoperative prediction of MMR protein status in GC. Furthermore, this model was a noninvasive tool to predict MMR protein status and guide neoadjuvant therapy.</p

Enhancement of Spatial Working Memory in NR2B Transgenic Mice.

<p>A–B: Performance of mice in T-maze task. A: There was no difference in accuracy between Wt and Tg mice in training session. B: Tg mice exhibited superior performance both in 1- and 3 min-delay retention test. C–D: Performance of mice in the working memory version of water maze task. C: There was no difference in swim speed between Wt and Tg mice in pre-training. D: In the 2^nd trial of training, the latency of transgenic mice was significantly shorter than that of wild type. All values are mean ± SEM (**denotes p<0.01 when compared to Wt controls).</p

Diagram of the Odor Span Task.

<p>At span 0, mice are first presented with a random scented cup buried 2 pellets (e.g., A+). After consumption of the reward, the mouse and the cup were removed. At span 1, a second new scented cup with 2 pellets (e.g., B+) and another cup refilled with A odor woodchip without reward (e.g., A-) was pseudo-randomly relocated in the box. Mice were return to the box and were required to remember odor A and to dig at the cup with the new B odor. Then, additional cups of woodchip scented with different odors were placed in the same manner until 12 cups (span 11) were presented.</p

NR2B Overexpression Enhanced LTP but not Basal Transmission and LTD in prefrontal cortex.

<p>A: No significant difference in input-output curve between Tg and Wt slices. B: No significant difference in pair-pulse responses between Tg and Wt slices. C: LTP induced by tetanic stimulations in Tg slices were significantly larger than that of Wt slices. D: LTD induced by a low frequency stimulation in Tg slices were not significant different from that of Wt slices. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical differences were evaluated with student's <i>t</i> -test.</p