Single Pt Nanowire Electrode: Preparation, Electrochemistry, and Electrocatalysis

A single Pt nanowire electrode (SPNE) was fabricated through HF etching process from Pt disk nanoelectrode and an underpotential deposition (UPD) redox replacement technique. The electrochemical experiments showed that SPNE had steady-state electrochemical responses at redox species solution and the mass transfer rates were affected by the lengths and radii of SPNEs. The prepared SPNEs were utilized to examine the oxygen-reduction reaction in a KOH solution to explore the feasibility of electrocatalytic activity of single Pt nanowire and the results showed that the electrocatalytic activity of SPNE was dependent on the surface position of single Pt nanowire: the tip end position is more active than the sidewall position. Meanwhile, the electrocatalytic activity of SPNE was related to the radius of nanowire. These observations are not only important to understand the structure–function relationship in single nanowire level but have significant implications for the synthesis and selection of novel catalysts with high efficiency used in electrochemistry, energy, bioanalysis, etc

Relationship between BM plasma sCD30 levels and IST.

<p>(A) BM plasma sCD30 levels in SAA patients at diagnosis (n = 19) and in CR (n = 24). (B) BM samples pre- and post-IST were collected from 6 SAA patients, BM plasma sCD30 levels were determined by ELISA. CsA was added at 200 ng/mL to the allogeneic stimulated cultures, cells surface CD30 expressions (C and D) and released sCD30 (E) and IFN-γ (F) into culture supernatants were analysed at day 4 by FCM and ELISA, respectively. Data represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments.</p

Allogeneic stimulation-induced release of sCD30 and IFN-γ by T cells.

<p>BM CD3⁺ T cells from healthy individuals and SAA patients were co-cultured with mitomycin C treated autologous or allogenetic mononuclear cells for a total of 7 days, kinetics of sCD30 (A) and IFN-γ (B) released into culture supernatants were analysed by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments. (C) and (D) Released sCD30 and IFN-γ by allogeneic stimulated T cells at day 4 were determined in 5 healthy individuals and 6 SAA patients.</p

Relationship between CD30 and IFN-γ.

<p>After 4 days of culture, allogeneic stimulated T cells were sorted by FACS, CD30⁺ and CD30⁻ T cells were separately cultured for additional 2 days, then IFN-γ levels in the culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments.</p

Allogeneic stimulation-induced surface expression of CD30 on T cells.

<p>BM CD3⁺ T cells from healthy individuals and SAA patients were co-cultured with mitomycin C treated autologous or allogenetic mononuclear cells for a total of 7 days, kinetics of cell surface expression of CD30 by CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells (A) and CD3⁺CD8⁻ T cells (B) were determined by FCM. Data represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments. (C) Representative FCM analyses of cell surface expression of CD30 by T cells from healthy individuals and SAA patients after allogeneic stimulation. Results at day 4 when the maximum CD30 expression reached were shown. (D) and (E) Cells surface expression of CD30 by allogeneic stimulated T-cell subsets at day 4 were determined in 5 healthy individuals and 6 SAA patients. (F) CD3⁺CD8⁻CD30⁺: CD3⁺CD8⁺CD30⁺ T-cell ratios in healthy individuals and in SAA patients</p

Plasma sCD30 levels and CD30 mRNA expressions in BMMCs from AA patients (n = 42) and healthy individuals (n = 20).

<p>(A) BM plasma sCD30 concentrations in healthy individuals (n = 20), Non-SAA patients (n = 13), SAA patients (n = 11) and VSAA patients (n = 8) were measured by ELSIA. (B) The ratios of BM plasma sCD30 level/PB plasma sCD30 level in SAA and VSAA patients (n = 11) and in healthy individuals (n = 11). (C) Relative expressions of CD30 in BMMNCs were measured by real-time PCR in <i>de novo</i> SAA patients (n = 12) and healthy individuals (n = 11).</p

Correlation of BM IFN-γ levels with BM sCD30 levels in SAA patients (•, n = 11) and VSAA patients (×, n = 8).

<p>Correlation of BM IFN-γ levels with BM sCD30 levels in SAA patients (•, n = 11) and VSAA patients (×, n = 8).</p

Maximum sCD30 level or IFN-γ level positively correlates with the percentage of CD30⁺ T cells at day 4 but not day 7 after allogeneic stimulation.

<p>Spearman's rank correlation test.</p><p>Maximum sCD30 level or IFN-γ level positively correlates with the percentage of CD30⁺ T cells at day 4 but not day 7 after allogeneic stimulation.</p

Correlations of BM plasma sCD30 levels with baseline ALC (A), ANC (B), or CD4/CD8 ratio (C) in AA patients (n = 19).

<p>Correlations of BM plasma sCD30 levels with baseline ALC (A), ANC (B), or CD4/CD8 ratio (C) in AA patients (n = 19).</p

Relationship between HPV status and patholological features.

<p>Numbers at the bottom of each bar represent (number of HPV-positives)/(total sample numbers). Difference of HPV prevalence between invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive LC (ILC) was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0003). IS; in situ.</p