Case Report: A rare case of recurrent ascites after anti-Claudin18.2 antibody therapy for metastatic gastric cancer while responding sustainingly

BackgroundGastric cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies in the world, thus urgently requiring effective and safe therapeutics. Claudin18.2 is a member of the tight junction protein family specifically expressed in gastric cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting Claudin18.2 have been receiving increasing attention recently. ASKB589 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting Claudin18.2.Case presentationThis case described a 65-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with gastric cancer metastasizing to the liver and multiple lymph nodes. The biomarker examination revealed that he had proficient mismatch repair (pMMR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was negative, and the combined proportion score (CPS) of PD-L1 (22C3) was 1. After being proven to be moderately positive for Claudin18.2 expression, he received ASKB589 and CAPOX (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) chemotherapy. After a six-cycle therapy (from 14 July 2022 to 29 November 2022), the target tumor was evaluated for partial response (PR) by the investigator based on the enhanced CT scan according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria. However, this patient also suffered from intolerable ascites that gradually aggravated during the therapy, which was not controlled well by the supporting therapy. Therefore, the patient stopped receiving the combined therapy in our hospital and did not receive any other anti-tumor treatment. After 4 months of discontinuation of the drug, the patient’s ascites almost disappeared, while the tumor continued to reduce and almost achieved clinically complete relapse (cCR). His progression-free survival (PFS) reached at least 10 months.ConclusionThis is the first case of severe ascites reported after anti-Claudin18.2 monoclonal antibody treatment for advanced gastric cancer. At the same time, the patient still benefited significantly from this incomplete treatment even after discontinuation of the drug and the PFS reached at least 10 months. The ascites might be an immune adverse effect related to the monoclonal antibody-induced antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Further mechanisms remain to be investigated

Average austenite grain size evolution simulation during multi-pass shape metal hot rolling process

783-788Constitutive equations describing the flow stress of Q235 steel undergoing hot plastic deformation have been developed by integrating the microstructure models and exponential flow stress models presented in literatures, in which the microstructure models parameters have been re-determined based on the related experiments carried out on cylindrical specimens of the Q235 steel. Therefore, the integrated constitutive equations are capable of calculating the evolution of austenite grain size and investigating the effects of average austenite grain size on the flow stress of Q235 steel during hot deformation. A three-dimensional thermo-mechanically coupled FEM simulation of an 11-pass H-shape metal roughing rolling process with the austenite grain size evolution taken into account have been carried out to verify the rationality of roll pass schedule. The accuracy of the integrated constitutive equations has been preliminary validated by the comparisons between measured and the calculated values of rolling force

Average austenite grain size evolution simulation during multi-pass shape metal hot rolling process

Constitutive equations describing the flow stress of Q235 steel undergoing hot plastic deformation have been developed by integrating the microstructure models and exponential flow stress models presented in literatures, in which the microstructure models parameters have been re-determined based on the related experiments carried out on cylindrical specimens of the Q235 steel. Therefore, the integrated constitutive equations are capable of calculating the evolution of austenite grain size and investigating the effects of average austenite grain size on the flow stress of Q235 steel during hot deformation. A three-dimensional thermo-mechanically coupled FEM simulation of an 11-pass H-shape metal roughing rolling process with the austenite grain size evolution taken into account have been carried out to verify the rationality of roll pass schedule. The accuracy of the integrated constitutive equations has been preliminary validated by the comparisons between measured and the calculated values of rolling force

Corn straw-saccharification fiber improved the reproductive performance of sows in the late gestation and lactation via lipid metabolism

With the development of animal husbandry, the shortage of animal feedstuffs has become serious. Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in regulating animal health and production performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three kinds of corn straw-saccharification fibers (CSSF) such as high-fiber and low-saccharification (HFLS), medium-fiber and medium-saccharification (MFMS), low-fiber and high-saccharification (LFHS) CSSF on the reproductive performance of sows. Thirty-two primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 8 sows for each group. Group A was the basal diet as the control group; groups B – D were added with 6% HFLSCSSF, 6% MFMSCSSF and 6% LFHSCSSF to replace some parts of corn meal and wheat bran in the basal diet, respectively. The experimental period was from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (day 25 post-farrowing). The results showed that 6% LFHSCSSF addition significantly increased number of total born (alive) piglets, litter weight at birth (p < 0.05), whereas three kinds of CSSF significantly decreased backfat thickness of sows during gestation (p < 0.001), compared with the control group. Furthermore, CSSF improved the digestibility of crude protein, ether extract and fiber for sows. In addition, the levels of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of sows were decreased by different kinds of CSSF. Further analysis revealed that CSSF regulated lipid metabolism through adjusting the serum metabolites such as 4-pyridoxic acid, phosphatidyl cholines and L-tyrosine. In summary, CSSF addition to the diets of sows during late gestation and lactation regulated lipid metabolism and improved reproductive performance of sows. This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of corn straw in sow diets

Cerium Addition Improved the Dry Sliding Wear Resistance of Surface Welding AZ91 Alloy

In this study, the effects of cerium (Ce) addition on the friction and wear properties of surface welding AZ91 magnesium alloys were evaluated by pin-on-disk dry sliding friction and wear tests at normal temperature. The results show that both the friction coefficient and wear rate of surfacing magnesium alloys decreased with the decrease in load and increase in sliding speed. The surfacing AZ91 alloy with 1.5% Ce had the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The alloy without Ce had the worst wear resistance, mainly because it contained a lot of irregularly shaped and coarse β-Mg17Al12 phases. During friction, the β phase readily caused stress concentration and thus formed cracks at the interface between β phase and α-Mg matrix. The addition of Ce reduced the size and amount of Mg17Al12, while generating Al4Ce phase with a higher thermal stability. The Al-Ce phase could hinder the grain-boundary sliding and migration and reduced the degree of plastic deformation of subsurface metal. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the surfacing AZ91 alloy with 1.5% Ce had a total of four types of wear mechanism: abrasion, oxidation, and severe plastic deformation were the primary mechanisms; delamination was the secondary mechanism

Main factors for large accumulations of natural gas in the marine carbonate strata of the Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

The natural gas accumulation zone, where the marine carbonate rock strata are developed, was formed in the eastern Sichuan Basin under the influence of several main tectonic movements (Caledonian Movement, Indosinian Movement, Yanshanian Movement, and Himalayan Movement). Most natural gas reservoirs exhibit the structural-stratigraphic traps together with multistage accumulation, late-stage adjustment and reformation, et cetera. The natural gas accumulation zone (or so-called gas reservoir groups) is controlled by the following main factors: multi-sourced and multi-formed hydrocarbons for marine source rocks (i.e. Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Lower Permian, Upper Permian Longtan Formation), paleo-uplift, paleoslope, and the hinge belt controlled by the steep dip structures, namely the Lower and Middle Triassic high-quality gypsum. Three sets of high-quality source rocks (i.e. S1l, P1, P2l) account for the abundant hydrocarbon supply for natural gas accumulation in the eastern Sichuan area, especially in the destructed oil reservoir formed earlier. The said destructed oil reservoir not only provides the preservation space for natural gas reservoir that will take place later, but it also provides the hydrocarbon source for thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Although the gas reservoirs in the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin experienced multi-stage adjustment and reformation at later times, the thick and high-quality gypsum as well as the mudstone, as available caprocks, have offered a good preservation condition for the underlying gas reservoirs. The paleohighs (e.g. Luzhou paleohigh and Kaijiang paleohigh), the Permian platform margin slope, and the structurally transformed slope under the function of the steep dip anticline in the eastern Sichuan not only form the high-quality carbonate reservoir, but they also became favorable for oil and gas accumulation. The difference in hydrocarbon generation history of the source rock and multistage accumulation of hydrocarbons in the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin caused the diversity in the location of the gas reservoirs, where the gas reservoirs with low H2S contents are distributed in the eastern Sichuan Basin (e.g. Jiannan gas field), while the gas reservoirs with high H2S content are located in the northeastern Sichuan Basin (e.g. Puguang gas field)

Genesis and energy significance of natural hydrogen

H2 is clean energy and an important component of natural gas. Moreover, it plays an irreplaceable role in improving the hydrocarbon generation rate of organic matter and activating ancient source rocks to generate hydrocarbon in Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis and catalytic hydrogenation. Compared with hydrocarbon reservoir system, a complete hydrogen (H2) accumulation system consists of H2 source，reservoirs and seal. In nature, the four main sources of H2 are hydrolysis, organic matter degradation, the decomposition of substances such as methane and ammonia, and deep mantle degassing. Because the complex tectonic activities, the H2 produced in a geological environment is generally a mixture of various sources. Compared with the genetic mechanisms of H2, the migration and preservation of H2, especially the H2 trapping, are rarely studied. A necessary condition for large-scale H2 accumulation is that the speed of H2 charge is much faster than diffusion loss. Dense cap rock and continuous H2 supply are favorable for H2 accumulation. Moreover, H2O in the cap rock pores may provide favorable conditions for short-term H2 accumulation