The large area detector onboard the eXTP mission

The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The Analysis of the Design of the System of Pitch Adjusting for Remote Operated Vehicle

ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) is applied widely currently which is an important tool for detecting in the water, salving on the ocean floor and resources surveying in the ocean. However it is common for ROV that is affected by surging and altering barycenter in the practice, and it is easy for pitching usually, and then ROV is low efficiency. Aiming at the problem, we designed a system of pitch adjusting for ROV including the design of mechanism and motion analysis, and use the AFSM control strategy. The simulation result shows that it has the good tracking feature and robustness

Design and Research on Vehicles Motor Testing System Based on Improvement PID

Motor is the important parts in vehicles. It is the key parts for achieving automation. It is the critical technology to test vehicle motors. We take the PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) as based fundamental controlling algorithm, and we test motor parameters through LabVIEW for single-chip AT89C52. According to practical working condition, we build circuit electric field boundary, and analyze electric field distribution of hard circuit. In addition, we also design filtering circuit for main interrupt frequency (below 1 kHz), and we improved PID for direct motor speed which is controlled by PWM (pulse-width modulation) to reach speed astatic regulation. At the same time, the system achieves soft start-up

Excessive activation of NMDA receptors in the pathogenesis of multiple peripheral organs via mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation

It has been well-acknowledged that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in central nervous system play an important role in both physiological functions of neurons and the pathophysiological progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, the receptors have also been found to present extensively in peripheral organs, such as lungs, kidneys, heart, and pancreas. Under various pathological conditions, peripheral NMDARs are upregulated and excessively activated, initiating calcium influx and intracellular calcium overloading. Subsequently, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory signaling pathway activation ultimately aggravate tissue damage and organ dysfunction. In addition, excessive activation of NMDARs also directly initiates mitochondrial apoptosis in many organs. Here, we discuss pathophysiological roles of NMDARs in cardiovascular system, lungs, kidneys, and pancreas

A novel long non-coding RNA-KAT7 is low expressed in colorectal cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor

Abstract Background The abnormal expression of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been reported in the progression of various tumors. However, the potential biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is crucial to identify that lncRNAs can be used for the clinical prevention and treatment of CRC. Methods In our previous work, we identificated a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-KAT7, and found that the expression of lncRNA-KAT7 in CRC tissues was significantly lower than that in matched normal intestinal tissues, and the expression in CRC cell lines was lower than that of normal intestinal epithelial cells (P < 0.05). Besides, the expression of lncRNA-KAT7 is negative associated with age, tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis of CRC patients. The potential biological effects and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-KAT7 in CRC were evaluated using a series of CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, EdU proliferation assay, scratch determination, transwell determination, western blot analysis, and nude subcutaneous tumorigenesis model construction cell and animal experiments. Results The expression of lncRNA-KAT7 in CRC tissues was lower than that in matched normal tissues and normal intestinal epithelial cells (P < 0.05). Decreased expression of lncRNA-KAT7 is associated with clinicopathological features of poor CRC patients. In vitro experiments showed that up-regulation of lncRNA-KAT7 expression in CRC cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. In vivo animal experiments showed that the lncRNA-KAT7 also inhibited tumor growth. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of lncRNA-KAT7 was up-regulated in HCT116 cells, the expression of E-cadherin increased, and the expression of Vimentin, MMP-2 and β-catenin protein was down-regulated so did the phosphorylation NF-κB P65. The results confirm that the expression of lncRAN-KAT7 can inhibit the malignant phenotype of CRC cells. Conclusions Up to now, as a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-KAT7 has not any relevant research and reports. The results confirm that the expression of lncRNA-KAT7 can inhibit the malignant phenotype of CRC cells. And it can be used as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the development of CRC

Study on Deterioration Law and Mechanism of Gray Brick Due to Salt Crystallization

Salinization has an important impact on the degradation of ancient masonry buildings, and systematically mastering the law of salt migration and degradation of ancient masonry buildings is an important part of the protection of ancient buildings. In this paper, the damage law of gray bricks under the action of salt crystallization is studied. The orthogonal test method is used to carry out cyclic degradation tests on gray bricks. The nominal strength is proposed as a mechanical parameter to measure the structural damage of grey bricks, and the change in compressive strength and crystallization pressure of the samples after the test is measured and analyzed. The results show that the damage of different salts in the gray bricks shows a certain difference. Magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride cause significant damage to the surface of the gray bricks, while calcium chloride does not cause significant damage to the surface of the gray bricks. When the concentrations of sodium chloride solution, calcium chloride solution and magnesium sulfate solution are less than 13.73 mol/L, 11.47 mol/L and 17 mol/L, respectively, the nominal strength of gray brick samples increases; In the range of 9.9 mol/L and 4.73–8.94 mol/L, the crystallization pressure began to appear inside the sample. The research results provide an important scientific basis for evaluating the damage caused by salting to the damage of porous ancient building materials such as masonry

Hydrodynamic Coefficients Identification and Experimental Investigation for an Underwater Vehicle

Hydrodynamic coefficients are the foundation of unmanned underwater vehicles modeling and controller design. In order to reduce identification complexity and acquire necessary hydrodynamic coefficients for controllers design, the motion of the unmanned underwater vehicle was separated into vertical motion and horizontal motion models. Hydrodynamic coefficients were regarded as mapping parameters from input forces and moments to output velocities and acceleration of the unmanned underwater vehicle. The motion models of the unmanned underwater vehicle were nonlinear and Genetic Algorithm was adopted to identify those hydrodynamic coefficients. To verify the identification quality, velocities and acceleration of the unmanned underwater vehicle was measured using inertial sensor under the same conditions as Genetic Algorithm identification. Curves similarity between measured velocities and acceleration and those identified by Genetic Algorithm were used as optimizing standard. It is found that the curves similarity were high and identified hydrodynamic coefficients of the unmanned underwater vehicle satisfied the measured motion states well