4 research outputs found
Co-delivery of Doxorubicin and InterferonāĪ³ by Thermosensitive Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunochemotherapy
A dual-sensitive
nanoparticle delivery system was constructed by
incorporating an acid sensitive hydrazone linker into thermosensitive
nanoparticles (TSNs) for co-encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and interferon
Ī³ (IFNĪ³) and to realize the co-delivery of chemotherapy
and immunotherapy agents against melanoma. DOX, a chemotherapeutic
drug, was conjugated to TSNs by a pH-sensitive chemical bond, and
IFNĪ³, a potent immune-modulator, was absorbed into TSNs through
the thermosensitivity and electrostatics of nanoparticles. Consequently,
the dual sensitive drug-loaded TSN delivery systems were successfully
built and showed an obvious coreāshell structure, good encapsulation
efficiency of drugs, sustained and sensitive drug release, prolonged
circulation time, as well as excellent synergistic antitumor efficiency
against B16F10 tumor bearing mice. Moreover, the combinational antitumor
immune responses of hydrazone bearing DOX/IFNĪ³-TSN (hyd) were
strengthened by activating Th1-type CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, cytotoxic
T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, downregulating the expression
levels of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL10 and TGFĪ²,
and upregulating the secretion of IL2 and TNFĪ±. Taken together,
the multifunctional TSNs system provides a promising strategy for
multiple drugs co-delivery with distinct properties
Nitric Oxide Releasing dāĪ±-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate for Enhancing Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin
Nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much
attention for its antitumor
activity and synergistic effects when codelivered with anticancer
agents. However, due to its chemical instability and short half-life,
delivering gaseous NO directly to tumors is still challenging. Herein,
we synthesized a NO releasing polymer, nitrate functionalized d-Ī±-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TNO<sub>3</sub>). TNO<sub>3</sub> was able to self-assemble into stable micelles
in physiological conditions, accumulate in tumors, and release ā¼90%
of NO content in cancer cells for 96 h. It further exhibited significant
cancer cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared with nitroglycerine
(GTN). Notably, TNO<sub>3</sub> could also serve as an enhancer for
the common chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). Codelivering TNO<sub>3</sub> with DOX to hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cancer cells strengthened
the cellular uptake of DOX and enabled the synergistic effect between
NO and DOX to induce higher cytotoxicity (ā¼6.25-fold lower
IC<sub>50</sub>). Moreover, for DOX-based chemotherapy in tumor-bearing
mice, coadministration with TNO<sub>3</sub> significantly extended
the blood circulation time of DOX (14.7-fold <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>, 6.5-fold mean residence time (MRT), and 13.7-fold area
under curve (AUC)) and enhanced its tumor accumulation and penetration,
thus resulting in better antitumor efficacy. In summary, this new
NO donor, TNO<sub>3</sub>, may provide a simple but effective strategy
to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs
Erythrocyte Membrane-Enveloped Polymeric Nanoparticles as Nanovaccine for Induction of Antitumor Immunity against Melanoma
Cancer immunotherapy is mainly focused on manipulating patientās own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Vaccine formulations based on nanotechnology have been developed to target delivery antigens to antigen presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs) for efficiently induction of antigenāspecific T cells response. To enhance DC targeting and antigen presenting efficiency, we developed erythrocyte membrane-enveloped poly(d,l-lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles for antigenic peptide (hgp100<sub>25ā33</sub>) and toll-like receptor 4 agonist, monophosphoryl lipid (MPLA). A Mannose-inserted membrane structure was constructed to actively target APCs in the lymphatic organ, and redox-sensitive peptide-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated which prone to cleave in the intracellular milieu. The nanovaccine demonstrated the retained protein content in erythrocyte and enhanced <i>in vitro</i> cell uptake. An antigen-depot effect was observed in the administration site with promoted retention in draining lymph nodes. Compared with other formulations after intradermal injection, the nanovaccine prolonged tumor-occurring time, inhibited tumor growth, and suppressed tumor metastasis in prophylactic, therapeutic, and metastatic melanoma models, respectively. Additionally, we revealed that nanovaccine effectively enhanced IFN-Ī³ secretion and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response. Taken together, these results demonstrated the great potential in applying an erythrocyte membrane-enveloped polymeric nanoplatform for an antigen delivery system in cancer immunotherapy
Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Nanogel for the Combinatorial Antitumor Effect of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
A biomimetic
nanogel with tumor microenvironment responsive property
is developed for the combinatorial antitumor effects of chemotherapy
and immunotherapy. Nanogels are formulated with hydroxypropyl-Ī²-cyclodextrin
acrylate and two opposite charged chitosan derivatives for entrapping
anticancer drug paclitaxel and precisely controlling the pH responsive
capability, respectively. The nanogel supported erythrocyte membrane
can achieve ānanospongeā property for delivering immunotherapeutic
agent interleukin-2 without reducing the bioactivity. By responsively
releasing drugs in tumor microenvironment, the nanogels significantly
enhanced antitumor activity with improved drug penetration, induction
of calreticulin exposure, and increased antitumor immunity. The tumor
microenvironment is remodeled by the combination of these drugs in
low dosage, as evidenced by the promoted infiltration of immune effector
cells and reduction of immunosuppressive factors