Corrigendum to: The TianQin project: current progress on science and technology

In the originally published version, this manuscript included an error related to indicating the corresponding author within the author list. This has now been corrected online to reflect the fact that author Jun Luo is the corresponding author of the article

High Velocity Lane Keeping Control Method Based on the Non-Smooth Finite-Time Control for Electric Vehicle Driven by Four Wheels Independently

In order to improve the output response and robustness of the lane keeping controller for the electric vehicle driven by four wheels independently (EV-DFWI), the article proposes a lane keeping controller based on the non-smooth finite-time (NoS-FT) control method. Firstly, a lane keeping control (LKC) model was built for the EV-DFWI. Secondly, a tracking method and error weight superposition method to track error computing for the lane keeping control based on the LKC model are proposed according to the lane line information. Thirdly, a NoS-FT controller was constructed for lane keeping. It is proved that the NoS-FT controller can stabilize the system by the direct Lyapunov method. Finally, the simulations were carried out to verify that the NoS-FT controller can keep the vehicle running in the desired lane with the straight road, constant curvature road, varied curvature road, and S-bend road. The simulation results show that the NoS-FT controller has better effectiveness than the PID controller. The contributions of this article are that two kinds of tracking error computing methods of lane keeping control are proposed to deal with different conditions, and a Non-FT lane keeping controller is designed to keep the EV-DFWI running in the desired lane suffering external disturbances

Finite-Time Robust Stabilization for a Class of High-Order Nonlinear Systems With Multiple Uncertainties and External Disturbances

The paper investigates the problem of adaptive finite-time robust stabilization for a set of high-order uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of asymmetric output constraint, dynamic uncertainty and complicated external disturbances. Via effectively integrating the artful Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) in conjunction with the continuous control armed with a serial of integral functions consisting of embedded sign operations, a continuous controller is generated, which promises that the closed-loop system’s states converge to a compact set within finite time whilst preserving the validity of the output constraint. Preferable to the current techniques, the suggested methodology unifies the construct and theoretical evaluation for the constrained and unconstrained output as well as being able to concurrently handle the output asymmetric constraints, zero dynamics and complex external disturbances. Finally, an instance of simulation is included to illustrate the validity of the established methodology

Development and Assessment of Human Adenovirus Type 11 as a Gene Transfer Vector

Adenovirus vectors based on human serotype 5 (Ad5) have successfully been used as gene transfer vectors in many gene therapy-based approaches to treat disease. Despite their widespread application, many potential therapeutic applications are limited by the widespread prevalence of vector-neutralizing antibodies within the human population and the inability of Ad5-based vectors to transduce important therapeutic target cell types. In an attempt to circumvent these problems, we have developed Ad vectors based on human Ad serotype 11 (Ad11), since the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to Ad11 in humans is low. E1-deleted Ad11 vector genomes were generated by homologous recombination in 293 cells expressing the Ad11-E1B55K protein or by recombination in Escherichia coli. E1-deleted Ad11 genomes did not display transforming activity in rodent cells. Transduction of primary human CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells and immature dendritic cells was more efficient with Ad11 vectors than with Ad5 vectors. Thirty minutes after intravenous injection into mice that express one of the Ad11 receptors (CD46), we found, in a pattern and at a level comparable to what is found in humans, Ad11 vector genomes in all analyzed organs, with the highest amounts in liver, lung, kidney, and spleen. Neither Ad11 genomes nor Ad11 vector-mediated transgene expression were, however, detected at 72 h postinfusion. A large number of Ad11 particles were also found to be associated with circulating blood cells. We also discovered differences in in vitro transduction efficiencies and in vivo biodistributions between Ad11 vectors and chimeric Ad5 vectors possessing Ad11 fibers, indicating that Ad11 capsid proteins other than fibers influence viral infectivity and tropism. Overall, our study provides a basis for the application of Ad11 vectors for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer and for gaining an understanding of the factors that determine Ad tropism

Glacier mass changes in Rongbuk catchment on Mt. Qomolangma from 1974 to 2006 based on topographic maps and ALOS PRISM data

Elevation changes of glacier surfaces were investigated in Rongbuk Catchment (RC) on the northern slopes of Mt. Qomolangma in the central Himalayas, by comparing a digital elevation model (DEM) generated from the 2006 ALOS/PRISM imageries with the base DEM1974 derived from the 1:50,000 topographic maps. The average elevation change rate of glacier surfaces in RC was estimated at -0.47±0.23ma -1 between 1974 and 2006. Such surface lowering rates varied significantly with glaciers and altitudes. One of the notable results is that the debris-covered ice thinned much more rapidly than the exposed ice at higher altitudes. Overall, glaciers in RC have lost mass of -0.06±0.04Gta -1 during 1974-2006. Glacier imbalance constitutes about 50% or more of the Rongbuk runoff. </p

New Insights into Unexpected Severe PM2.5 Pollution during the SARS and COVID-19 Pandemic Periods in Beijing

During the SARS period in 2003 and COVID-19 pandemic period in 2020, unexpected severe particulate matter pollution occurred in northern China, although the anthropogenic activities and associated emissions have assumed to be reduced dramatically. This anomalistic increase in PM is pollution raises a question about how source emissions impact the air quality during these pandemic periods. In this study, we investigated the stable Cu and Si isotopic compositions and typical source-specific fingerprints of PM2.5 and its sources. We show that the primary PM2.5 emissions (PM2.5 emitted directly from sources) actually had no reduction but redistribution during these pandemic periods, rather than the previous thought of being greatly reduced. This finding provided critical evidence to interpret the anomalistic PM2.5 increase during the pandemic periods in north China. Our results also suggested that both the energy structure adjustment and stringent regulations on primary emissions should be synergistically implemented in a regional scale for clean air actions in China

Glacier mass changes in Rongbuk catchment on Mt. Qomolangma from 1974 to 2006 based on topographic maps and ALOS PRISM data

Elevation changes of glacier surfaces were investigated in Rongbuk Catchment (RC) on the northern slopes of Mt. Qomolangma in the central Himalayas, by comparing a digital elevation model (DEM) generated from the 2006 ALOS/PRISM imageries with the base DEM1974 derived from the 1:50,000 topographic maps. The average elevation change rate of glacier surfaces in RC was estimated at -0.47±0.23 m a⁻¹ between 1974 and 2006. Such surface lowering rates varied significantly with glaciers and altitudes. One of the notable results is that the debris-covered ice thinned much more rapidly than the exposed ice at higher altitudes. Overall, glaciers in RC have lost mass of -0.06±0.04 Gt a⁻¹ during 1974–2006. Glacier imbalance constitutes about 50% or more of the Rongbuk runoff