Supporting Information from Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous g-C₃N₄/MoS₂ hybrid catalysts

The key to solving environmental and energy issues through photocatalytic technology requires highly efficient, stable and eco-friendly photocatalysts. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is one of the most promising candidates except for its limited photoactivity. In this work, a facile and scalable one-step method is developed to fabricate an efficient heterostructural g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst <i>in situ</i> coupled with MoS₂. The strong coupling effect between the MoS₂ nanosheets and g-C₃N₄ scaffold, numerous mesopores and enlarged specific surface area helped form an effective heterojunction. As such, the photocatalytic activity of the g-C₃N₄/MoS₂ is more than three times higher than that of the pure g-C₃N₄ in the degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation. Improvement of g-C₃N₄/MoS₂ photocatalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the effective suppression of the recombination of charge carriers

Foi et vie : revue de quinzaine, religieuse, morale, littéraire, sociale

01 février 19071907/02/01 (A10,N3)-1907/02/01

Schematic of the potential hypothesis for an inconsistence in genetic and environmental determinants across human lifespan.

<p>SNPs having more severe effects on glucose homeostasis are likely to have resulted in earlier mortality, removing them/their effects from the long-lived cohort, and that this allows them to easier detect other variants having more modest effects.</p

Minor allele frequencies of the <i>FOXO3</i> tSNPs in three cohorts.

<p>MAF: minor allele frequency; FH: fasting hyperglycemia; LLI: long-lived individuals; MI_S: middle-aged controls (southern); MI_N: middle-aged (northern).</p><p>^a the minor allele corresponds to the latter base in each description of variants, separated by a “/”.</p><p>^b Position on Chromosome 6 (GRCh36/hg18).</p><p>^c Comparisons under allele-contrast model between FH cases and contros.</p><p>Minor allele frequencies of the <i>FOXO3</i> tSNPs in three cohorts.</p

Comparisons of alleles and haplotypes in <i>FOXO3</i> and tertiles of hyperglycemia related parameters in each cohort.

<p>MAF: minor allele frequency; T1,T2 and T3 represents the lowest, middle and highest tertile, respectively. <i>p-values</i> were obtained from logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender. Only in LLI, was a significant contribution of <i>FOXO3</i> found. Both frequencies of rs2802288*A and rs2802292*G were reduced when A) fasting plasma glucose and B) HbA_1c increased. C) The frequency of Haplotype 2 “AGGC” in block 1 decreased when fasting plasma glucose increased. D) The frequency of rs2802292*G decreased when HOMA-IR increased.</p

Demographic and metabolic characteristics of the study samples.

<p>Data are shown as the mean±SD or n; FH: fasting hyperglycemia; LLI: long-lived individuals; MI_S: middle-aged controls (southern); MI_N: middle-aged (northern); HbA_1c: hemoglobin A_1c; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; NA: not available.</p><p>^a<i>p</i> values of post-hoc pair-wise comparisons of the parameters between LLI and MI_S.</p><p>^b<i>p</i> values of post-hoc pair-wise comparisons of the parameters between LLI and MI_N.</p><p>^c after log-transformed to normalize skewed distribution.</p><p>^d comparison of categorical variable based on Chi-square test.</p><p>Demographic and metabolic characteristics of the study samples.</p

Age-Based Differences in the Genetic Determinants of Glycemic Control: A Case of <i>FOXO3</i> Variations

<div><p>Background</p><p>Glucose homeostasis is a trait of healthy ageing and is crucial to the elderly, but less consideration has been given to the age composition in most studies involving genetics and hyperglycemia.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Seven variants in <i>FOXO3</i> were genotyped in three cohorts (n = 2037; LLI, MI_S and MI_N; mean age: 92.5±3.6, 45.9±8.2 and 46.8±10.3, respectively) to compare the contribution of <i>FOXO3</i> to fasting hyperglycemia (FH) between long-lived individuals (LLI, aged over 90 years) and middle-aged subjects (aged from 35–65 years).</p><p>Results</p><p>A different genetic predisposition of <i>FOXO3</i> alleles to FH was observed between LLI and both of two middle-aged cohorts. In the LLI cohort, the longevity beneficial alleles of three variants with the haplotype “AGGC” in block 1 were significantly protective to FH, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A_1C and HOMA-IR. Notably, combining multifactor dimensionality reduction and logistic regression, we identified a significant 3-factor interaction model (rs2802288, rs2802292 and moderate physical activity) associated with lower FH risk. However, not all of the findings were replicated in the two middle-aged cohorts.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our data provides a novel insight into the inconsistent genetic determinants between middle-aged and LLI subjects. <i>FOXO3</i> might act as a shared genetic predisposition to hyperglycemia and lifespan.</p></div

Comparisons of effects on risk of FH between LLI and middle-aged subjects.

<p>LLI: long-lived individuals; MI_S: middle-aged controls (southern); MI_N: middle-aged (northern); FH: fasting hyperglycemia;Model_cca, Model_adj and Model_perm corresponded to allele contrast, adjusted for confounding factors (BMI, age, gender, drinking, current smoking and APOE*e4 status) and permutation corrections for multiple comparisons (n = 8000).</p><p>^a between Haplotype2 and all other haplotypes combine.</p><p>Comparisons of effects on risk of FH between LLI and middle-aged subjects.</p