Covalently Bound Clusters of Alpha-Substituted PDIRival Electron Acceptors to Fullerene for Organic Solar Cells

A cluster type of electron acceptor, TPB, bearing four α-perylenediimides (PDIs), was developed, in which the four PDIs form a cross-like molecular conformation while still partially conjugated with the BDT-Th core. The blend TPB:PTB7-Th films show favorable morphology and efficient charge dissociation. The inverted solar cells exhibited the highest PCE of 8.47% with the extraordinarily high <i>J</i>_sc values (>18 mA/cm²), comparable with those of the corresponding PC₇₁BM/PTB7-Th-based solar cells

Electron-Rich Pyrroloindacenodithiophenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Studies

<i>N</i>-Alkyl substituted pyrroloindacenodithiophene (PIDT) and their phenyl substituted derivatives were synthesized. Their single-crystal structures and electrochemical and spectroscopic properties were investigated. Experimental results showed PIDT displayed strong electron-donating properties, reversible redox behaviors, and strong fluorescence and could be controlled to oxidize to radical cation and dication with distinctive optical changes. These attractive properties demonstrated the potential applications of PIDT in the field of switches, molecular machines, and information memories

Electron-Rich Pyrroloindacenodithiophenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Studies

<i>N</i>-Alkyl substituted pyrroloindacenodithiophene (PIDT) and their phenyl substituted derivatives were synthesized. Their single-crystal structures and electrochemical and spectroscopic properties were investigated. Experimental results showed PIDT displayed strong electron-donating properties, reversible redox behaviors, and strong fluorescence and could be controlled to oxidize to radical cation and dication with distinctive optical changes. These attractive properties demonstrated the potential applications of PIDT in the field of switches, molecular machines, and information memories

High Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells due to Favored Interfacial Connection by a Non-Fullerene Electron Acceptor with Cross-Like Molecular Geometry

The non-fullerene electron acceptor, TPB, exhibits a unique cross-like molecular geometry which helps it to stay preferentially at the interfaces between PTB7-Th and PC₇₁BM, when it is used as the third component in ternary OPV cells. The four PDI units connected to TPB’s core provide multiple contact points between PTB7-Th and PC₇₁BM phases, thus facilitating interfacial charge extraction and improving the overall PCE to 10.6% from 9.8% after 10% TPB was added as the third component. This paper describes detailed experimental results and a model to explain these observations

Electron Acceptors Based on α‑Substituted Perylene Diimide (PDI) for Organic Solar Cells

Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives functionalized at the ortho-position (αPPID, αPBDT) were synthesized and used as electron acceptors in non-fullerene organic photovoltaic cells. Because of the good planarity and strong π-stacking of ortho-functionalized PDI, the αPPID and αPBDT exhibit a strong tendency to form aggregates, which endow the materials with high electron mobility. The inverted OPVs employing αPDI-based compounds as the acceptors and PBT7-Th as the donor give the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) values: 4.92% for αPBDT-based devices and 3.61% for αPPID-based devices, which are, respectively, 39% and 4% higher than that of their β-substituted counterparts βPBDT and βPPID. Charge separation studies show more efficient exciton dissociation at interfaces between αPDI-based compounds and PTB7-Th. The results suggest that α-substituted PDI derivatives are more promising electron acceptors for organic photovoltaic (OPV) components than β-isomers

Thieno[3,4‑<i>c</i>]pyrrole-4,6-dione Containing Copolymers for High Performance Field-Effect Transistors

Thieno­[3,4-<i>c</i>]­pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) containing copolymer semiconductors <b>P1–P3</b> were strategically designed and successfully synthesized. Their physicochemical properties were thoroughly investigated. All polymers exhibited good solution processability and high humidity stability in thin film transistors (TFTs). Transistor electrical characterization showed the device performance was sensitive to the alkyl chain substituent orientations of the polymers. A maximum TFT hole mobility of ∼1.29 cm²/(V s) was observed for <b>P3</b>-based devices, a recorded mobility for TPD containing polymer semiconductors reported to date. The corresponding thin-film morphologies and polymer chains packing were investigated in detail by AFM and 2D-GIXD to correlate with the alkyl orientation-dependent carrier mobility of <b>P1–P3</b>. Experimental results showed the alkyl chain orientations determined the polymer chains packing pattern in the thin films, the film morphologies, and the resulting device performances of <b>P1–P3</b>

Syntheses and Properties of Nine-Ring-Fused Linear Thienoacenes

π-Extended nine-ring-fused linear thienoacenes <b>1a</b>–<b>c</b> with internal thieno­[3,2-<i>b</i>;4,5-<i>b</i>′]­dithiophene substructures were synthesized. Their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Thin-film transistor characteristics showed all compounds displayed high device reproducibility and nearly no dependence on substrate temperatures. The highest performance was observed for <b>1c</b>-based devices with mobility up to 1.0 cm²/Vs and current on/off ratio of 10⁷, whereas the maximum mobility was 0.5 cm²/Vs for <b>1b</b> and 0.011 cm²/Vs for <b>1a</b>

Rational Design of Porous Conjugated Polymers and Roles of Residual Palladium for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Developing highly efficient photocatalyts for water splitting is one of the grand challenges in solar energy conversion. Here, we report the rational design and synthesis of porous conjugated polymer (PCP) that photocatalytically generates hydrogen from water splitting. The design mimics natural photosynthetics systems with conjugated polymer component to harvest photons and the transition metal part to facilitate catalytic activities. A series of PCPs have been synthesized with different light harvesting chromophores and transition metal binding bipyridyl (bpy) sites. The photocatalytic activity of these bpy-containing PCPs can be greatly enhanced due to the improved light absorption, better wettability, local ordering structure, and the improved charge separation process. The PCP made of strong and fully conjugated donor chromophore DBD (M₄) shows the highest hydrogen production rate at ∼33 μmol/h. The results indicate that copolymerization between a strong electron donor and weak electron acceptor into the same polymer chain is a useful strategy for developing efficient photocatalysts. This study also reveals that the residual palladium in the PCP networks plays a key role for the catalytic performance. The hydrogen generation activity of PCP photocatalyst can be further enhanced to 164 μmol/h with an apparent quantum yield of 1.8% at 350 nm by loading 2 wt % of extra platinum cocatalyst

Additional file 2: of Effect of the Chinese traditional prescription Suo Quan Wan on TRPV1 expression in the bladder of rats with bladder outlet obstruction

A Chinese article about Suoquan Wan combined with Solifenacin Succinate on overactive. (PDF 139 kb

Additional file 1: of Effect of SQW on the bladder function of mice lacking TRPV1

The quality control of Suoquanwan (SQW). (PDF 139 kb