Contextual Correlates of Adaptability in E-C Translation of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

Adaptation Theory proposed by Jef Verschueren is always applied to carry out translation studies. Translation scholars at home and abroad conduct researches from four angles: contextual correlates of adaptability, structural objects of adaptability, dynamics of adaptability, and salience of adaptation processes. Contextual correlates include communicative context and linguistic context. By analyzing typical sentences in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe based on the above two kinds of contexts, this paper aims to better understand the manifestation of contextual correlates of adaptability in English-Chinese translation of this book. Besides, the process of adaptation to ingredients of communicative context and linguistic context, such as mental world, social world, physical world, contextual cohesion, intertextuality and sequencing is analyzed.

Curcumin sensitizes TRAIL-resistant xenografts: molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have recently shown that curcumin (a diferuloylmethane, the yellow pigment in turmeric) enhances apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer PC-3 cells, and sensitizes TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells <it>in vitro </it>through multiple mechanisms. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which curcumin sensitized TRAIL-resistant LNCaP xenografts <it>in vivo</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prostate cancer TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells were implanted in Balb c nude mice to examine the effects of curcumin and/or TRAIL on tumor growth and genes related to apoptosis, metastasis and angiogenesis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Curcumin inhibited growth of LNCaP xenografts in nude mice by inducing apoptosis (TUNEL staining) and inhibiting proliferation (PCNA and Ki67 staining), and sensitized these tumors to undergo apoptosis by TRAIL. In xenogrfated tumors, curcumin upregulated the expression of TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-R2/DR5, Bax, Bak, p21^/WAF1, and p27^/KIP1, and inhibited the activation of NFκB and its gene products such as cyclin D1, VEGF, uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9, Bcl-2 and Bcl-X_L. The regulation of death receptors and members of Bcl-2 family, and inactivation of NFκB may sensitize TRAIL-resistant LNCaP xenografts. Curcumin also inhibited number of blood vessels in tumors, and circulating endothelial growth factor receptor 2-positive endothelial cells in mice.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The ability of curcumin to inhibit tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and enhance the therapeutic potential of TRAIL suggests that curcumin alone or in combination with TRAIL can be used for prostate cancer prevention and/or therapy.</p

A Joint Routing and Time-Slot Assignment Algorithm for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks with Primary-User Protection

Cognitive radio has recently emerged as a promising technology to improve the utilization efficiency of the radio spectrum. In cognitive radio networks, secondary users (SUs) must avoid causing any harmful interference to primary users (PUs) and transparently utilize the licensed spectrum bands. In this paper, we study the PUprotection issue in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. In such networks, secondary users carefully select paths and time slots to reduce the interference to PUs. We formulate the routing and time-slot assignment problem into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP). To solve the MILP which is NP-Hard in general, we propose an algorithm named RSAA (Routing and Slot Assignment Algorithm). By relaxing the integral constraints of the MILP, RSAA first solves the max flow from the source to the destination. Based on the max flow, RSAA constructs a new network topology. On the new topology, RSAA uses branch and bound method to get the near optimal assignment of time slots and paths. The theoretical analyses show that the complexity of our proposed algorithm is O(N^4). Also, simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can obtain near-optimal throughputs for SUs

Simulation and Analyses of Anti-Collision Algorithms for Active RFID System Based on MiXiM Simulation Module

Anti-collision algorithms of active RFID system are studied and simulated by the OMNeT++ software. The active RFID system based on ZigBee RF module is analyzed firstly, which uses the anti-collision mechanism involving the CSMA/CA algorithm of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Given the IEEE 802.15.4 simulation framework and configurations on the OMNeT++ simulation platform, simulations and analyses about anti-collision performance for the proposed active RFID system is carried out. For two customer anti-collision algorithms, the simulation results show that CSMA/CA algorithm presents excellent performance than ALOHA algorithm and its performance can meet the actual needs

Comparative Evaluation of the LAMP Assay and PCR-Based Assays for the Rapid Detection of Alternaria solani

Early blight (EB), caused by the pathogen Alternaria solani, is a major threat to global potato and tomato production. Early and accurate diagnosis of this disease is therefore important. In this study, we conducted a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, as well as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assays to determine which of these techniques was less time consuming, more sensitive, and more accurate. We based our assays on sequence-characterized amplified regions of the histidine kinase gene with an accession number (FJ424058). The LAMP assay provided more rapid and accurate results, amplifying the target pathogen in less than 60 min at 63°C, with 10-fold greater sensitivity than conventional PCR. Nested PCR was 100-fold more sensitive than the LAMP assay and 1000-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR. qPCR was the most sensitive among the assays evaluated, being 10-fold more sensitive than nested PCR for the least detectable genomic DNA concentration (100 fg). The LAMP assay was more sensitive than conventional PCR, but less sensitive than nested PCR and qPCR; however, it was simpler and faster than the other assays evaluated. Despite of the sensitivity, LAMP assay provided higher specificity than qPCR. The LAMP assay amplified A. solani artificially, allowing us to detect naturally infect young potato leaves, which produced early symptoms of EB. The LAMP assay also achieved positive amplification using diluted pure A. solani culture instead of genomic DNA. Hence, this technique has greater potential for developing quick and sensitive visual detection methods than do other conventional PCR strategies for detecting A. solani in infected plants and culture, permitting early prediction of disease and reducing the risk of epidemics

A moving least square immersed boundary method for SPH with thin-walled structures

This paper presents a novel method for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with thin-walled structures. Inspired by the direct forcing immersed boundary method, this method employs a moving least square method to guarantee the smoothness of velocity near the structure surface. It simplifies thin-walled structure simulations by eliminating the need for multiple layers of boundary particles, and improves computational accuracy and stability in three-dimensional scenarios. Supportive three-dimensional numerical results are provided, including the impulsively started plate and the flow past a cylinder. Results of the impulsively started test demonstrate that the proposed method obtains smooth velocity and pressure in the, as well as a good match to the references results of the vortex wake development. In addition, results of the flow past cylinder test show that the proposed method avoids mutual interference on both side of the boundary, remains stable for three-dimensional simulations while accurately calculating the forces acting on structure.Comment: 15 pages,11 figure