EDITORIAL

<p>To make comparisons among the different modes for each strain gauge, each strain was normalized with respect to the average among the fixation modes. The average and standard deviation of the seven specimens are plotted.</p

Lateral bending ROM results.

<p>All comparisons related to intact case were significant (p<0.0001).</p

Surgical constructs: unilateral pedicle screw and plate (UP); unilateral pedicle screw and rod (UR); unilateral pedicle screw and rod + transfacet pedicle screw (UR+TFS); unilateral pedicle screw and plate + transfacet pedicle screw (UP+TFS); unilateral pedicle screw and plate + unilateral pedicle screw and rod (UP+UR).

<p>Some part of the facet screw and the plate constructs were ignored in the finite element figures.</p

The testing order of seven calf spine specimens after intact test.

<p>UR, unilateral pedicle screw and rod; UP, unilateral pedicle screw and plate; UR+TFS, unilateral pedicle screw and rod + transfacet pedicle screw; UP+TFS, unilateral pedicle screw and plate + transfacet pedicle screw; UP+UR, unilateral pedicle screw and plate + unilateral pedicle screw and rod.</p><p>The testing order of seven calf spine specimens after intact test.</p

L4-5 ROM (°) during different loading modes.

<p>L4-5 ROM (°) during different loading modes.</p

Axial rotation ROM results. Except UR fixation, all the other comparisons related to intact case were significant (p<0.012).

<p>Axial rotation ROM results. Except UR fixation, all the other comparisons related to intact case were significant (p<0.012).</p