Analysis of Unemployment During Transition to a Market Economy:

Using self-gathered data and the hazard model, we analyzed the reasons laid-off workers in the Beijing area remained unemployed. For the laid-off workers who were eventually reemployed, we used the Tobit model to explain the change in wages between their pre- and post-layoff employment. The results of these analyses revealed that, although China’s policy of laying off workers from state-owned enterprises without completely severing the relationship accelerated the establishment of a labor market to some extent, with prolonged time the laid-off workers are out of work, the policy was an obstacle to the labor-marketing effort. Moreover, it was an obstacle to implementing and improving an unemployment benefits system. They also showed that laid-off workers with worked experience under the traditional system need to be reeducated to enable them to adapt to the new economic environment as well as to be taught new skills, especially those workers who were managers. Additionally, the "lay-off" is not only a policy in special phase during the process of Chinese economic system reform, but also a special phenomenon, which is the structural unemployment revealed from Chinese economic system. This unemployment due to changes in industry structure means that the government must adopt a more active employment policy

Production of proton-rich nuclei around Z=84-90 in fusion-evaporation reactions

Within the framework of the dinuclear system model, production cross sections of proton-rich nuclei with charged numbers of Z=84-90 are investigated systematically. Possible combinations with the $^{28}$Si, $^{32}$S, $^{40}$Ar bombarding the target nuclides $^{165}$Ho, $^{169}$Tm, $^{170-174}$Yb, $^{175,176}$Lu, $^{174,176-180}$Hf and $^{181}$Ta are analyzed thoroughly. The optimal excitation energies and evaporation channels are proposed to produce the proton-rich nuclei. The systems are feasible to be constructed in experiments. It is found that the neutron shell closure of N=126 is of importance during the evaporation of neutrons. The experimental excitation functions in the $^{40}$Ar induced reactions can be nicely reproduced. The charged particle evaporation is comparable with neutrons in cooling the excited proton-rich nuclei, in particular for the channels with $\alpha$ and proton evaporation. The production cross section increases with the mass asymmetry of colliding systems because of the decrease of the inner fusion barrier. The channels with pure neutron evaporation depend on the isotopic targets. But it is different for the channels with charged particles and more sensitive to the odd-even effect.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0803.1117, arXiv:0707.258

α′ Type Ti–Nb–Zr alloys with ultra-low Young's modulus and high strength

Abstractα′ phase based Ti–Nb–Zr alloys with low Young's modulus and high strength were prepared, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized. It was revealed that the lattice expansion by Nb and Zr addition as well as the presence of a few of α″ martensite might be responsible for the low modulus achieved. Ti–15Nb–9Zr alloy, with ultralow modulus of 39GPa and high strength of 850MPa, could be a potential candidate for biomedical applications