On holographic time-like entanglement entropy

In order to study the pseudo entropy of timelike subregions holographically, the previous smooth space-like extremal surface was recently generalized to mix space-like and time-like segments and the area becomes complex value. This paper finds that, if one tries to use such kind of piecewise smooth extremal surfaces to compute timelike entanglement entropy holographically, the complex area is not unique in general. We then generalize the original holographic proposal of spacelike entanglement entropy to pick up a unique area from all allowed ``space-like+time-like'' piecewise smooth extremal surfaces for a timelike subregion. We give some concrete examples to show the correctness of our proposal.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure

Ethyl 4-[(4-chloro­phen­oxy)meth­yl]-2-(4-nitro­phen­yl)-1,3-thia­zole-5-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C19H15ClN2O5S, contains two mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. In mol­ecule A, the dihedral angles between the thia­zole ring and the pendant chloro­benzene and nitro­benzene rings are 72.14 (15) and 3.03 (15)°, respectively. The corresponding angles for mol­ecule B are 45.56 (16) and 1.51 (14)°, respectively. In the crystal, both mol­ecules form inversion dimers linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯O inter­actions

N′-Benzoyl-N-tert-butyl-2-chloro-N′-{[3-(6-chloro-3-pyrid­ylmethyl)-2-nitrimino­imidazolidin-1-yl]sulfan­yl}benzo­hydrazide

In the title compound, C27H27Cl2N7O4S, the amide groups bearing the N—S group and the tert-butyl group have s–trans conformations. The steric size of the tert-butyl and [(6-chloro-3-pyrid­yl)meth­yl]imidazolidin-2-yl­idene groups cause the 2-chloro­benzoyl group and the benzyol group to be directed away from one another, forming a dihedral angle of 60.62 (17)°. The central N—N bond adopts a gauche conformation with a C—N—N—C torsion angle of −79.1 (2)°

Toxicities comparison of rotenone and acetone extract of Tephrosiavogelii and Derris trifoliate against Solenopsis invicta

The high rotenone content and the rotenone crude extract of Tephrosia vogelii and Derris trifoliata were evaluated for its efficacy in the control of red imported fire (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta under both laboratory and field conditions. The acetone extracts of D. trifoliata roots and T. vogelii leaves exhibited strong toxicity to macroergate and micrergate of RIFA. When active ingredients of the crude extracts were convert to rotenone, the activity of the acetone extracts were higher than that of rotenone technical material. At the same time, the extracts showed significant inhibitory effect on walking ability and grasping ability of worker ants and stronger than the effect of 98.6% rotenone technical material. Under field conditions, the 0.01% rotenone-bait, formulated with the acetone extract of D. trifoliata roots and T. vogelii leaves, had the same control effect on RIFA as that of 0.01% fipronil-bait when treated after 30 d. The bait formulated with the extract of D. trifoliata exhibited quicker and higher effect on RIFA than that of rotenone technical material. It was showed that the acetone extracts of D. trifoliata roots and T. vogelii leaves are able to control S. invicta under both laboratory and field conditions and can be used as an effective agent against RIFA

Triterpenoids and Sterols from the Leaves and Twigs of Melia azedarach

Two new triterpenoids (1 and 2) and a new sterol (3), together with six known constituents (4–9), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Melia azedarach. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13659-014-0019-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Effect of acetone extract of Rumex japonicas Houtt on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat myocardial cells

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of the acetone extract of Rumex japonicas Houtt. (AER) on rat myocardial cells.Methods: R. japonicas was extracted with 75 % aqueous ethanol by reflux to afford total extract (TER). TER was suspended in water and then extracted with acetone to afford acetone fraction of R. japonicas (AER). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with standard substances was carried out to analyze the major constituents of AER. Apoptosis in myocardial H9c2 cell line was induced by H2O2 (100 μmol/L). The cells were treated with AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL, and cell viability was evaluated by the 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while oxidative stress level in H9c2 cells was evaluated by determining levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, apoptotic proteins (caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) in H9c2 cells were analyzed by using western blot assay.Results: Results revealed that the main components of AER are aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion. AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) inhibited the cell viability reduction of the H9c2 cells induced by H2O2 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) decreased LDH and CK contents of H9c2 cells (p < 0.01). The levels of SOD (p<0.01) and CAT (p < 0.01) were increased by AER treatments (100 and 200 μg/mL); in addition, AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) decreased MDA levels (p < 0.01). Besides, the present results also revealed that AER could down-regulate caspase-3 and Bax, but up-regulated Bcl-2.Conclusion: AER alleviates apoptosis induced by H2O2 in myocardial H9c2 cells via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This finding suggests that AER can potentially be developed for the treatment of myocardial apoptosis.Keywords: Rumex japonicas Houtt., Myocardial cells, Apoptosis, H9c2 cell, Oxidative stres