10 research outputs found
A dynamic and multi-responsive porous flexible metalâorganic material
Stimuli responsive materials (SRMs) respond to environmental changes through chemical
and/or structural transformations that can be triggered by interactions at solid-gas or solidliquid
interfaces, light, pressure or temperature. SRMs span compositions as diverse as
organic polymers and porous inorganic solids such as zeolites. Metalâorganic materials
(MOMs), sustained by metal nodes and organic linker ligands are of special interest as SRMs.
SR-MOMs have thus far tended to exhibit only one type of transformation, e.g. breathing, in
response to one stimulus, e.g. pressure change. We report [Zn2(4,4âČ-biphenyldicarboxylate)
2(4,4âČ-bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl)]n, an SR-MOM, which exhibits six distinct phases and
four types of structural transformation in response to various stimuli. The observed structural
transformations, breathing, structural isomerism, shape memory effect, and change in the
level of interpenetration, are previously known individually but have not yet been reported to
exist collectively in the same compound. The multi-dynamic nature of this SR-MOM is mainly
characterised by using in-situ techniques
Highly selective, high capacity separation of o-xylene from C8 aromatics by a switching adsorbent layered material
Purification of the C8 aromatics (xylenes and ethylbenzene) is particularly challenging because of their similar physical properties. It is also relevant because of their industrial utility. Physisorptive separation of C8 aromatics has long been suggested as an energy efficient solution but no physisorbent has yet combined high selectivity (>5) with high adsorption capacity (>50â
wtâ%). Now a counterintuitive approach to the adsorptive separation of oâxylene from other C8 aromatics involves the study of a known nonporous layered material, [Co(bipy)2(NCS)2]n (sqlâ1âCoâNCS), which can reversibly switch to C8 aromatics loaded phases with different switching pressures and kinetics, manifesting benchmark oâxylene selectivity (SOX/EBâ60) and high saturation capacity (>80â
wtâ%). Structural insight into the observed selectivity and capacity is gained by analysis of the crystal structures of C8 aromatics loaded phases
Selective adsorption of water, methanol, and ethanol by naphthalene diimide-based coordination polymers with constructed open Cu2+ metal sites and separation of ethanol/acetonitrile
The selective separation of ethanol/acetonitrile by porous materials has
rarely been observed owing to their similar physicochemical properties. In this work, we
report a new coordination network, [Cu2(4-pmntd)2(opd)2](4-pmntd = N,NâČ-bis(4-
pyridymethy)naphthalene diimide, opd = disodium 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate), which
exhibits selective separation of ethanol over acetonitrile. The weak coordination bonds
formed by unsaturated Cu2+ sites and hydroxyl groups are the key to such performanc
Tuning the gate-opening pressure in a switching pcu coordination network, X-pcu-5-Zn, by pillar ligand substitution
Coordination networks that reversibly switch between closed and open phases are of topical interest since their stepped isotherms can offer higher working capacities for gasâstorage applications than the related rigid porous coordination networks. To be of practical utility, the pressures at which switching occurs, the gateâopening and gateâclosing pressures, must lie between the storage and delivery pressures. Here we study the effect of linker substitution to fineâtune gateâopening and gateâclosing pressure. Specifically, three variants of a previously reported pcuâtopology MOF, Xâpcuâ5âZn, have been prepared: Xâpcuâ6âZn, 6=1,2âbis(4âpyridyl)ethane (bpe), Xâpcuâ7âZn, 7=1,2âbis(4âpyridyl)acetylene (bpa), and Xâpcuâ8âZn, 8=4,4âČâazopyridine (apy). Each exhibited switching isotherms but at different gateâopening pressures. The N2, CO2, C2H2, and C2H4 adsorption isotherms consistently indicated that the most flexible dipyridyl organic linker, 6, afforded lower gateâopening and gateâclosing pressures. This simple design principle enables a rational control of the switching behavior in adsorbent materials
Flexible coordination network exhibiting water vaporâinduced reversible switching between closed and open phases
That physisorbents can reduce the energy footprint of water vapor capture and release has attracted interest because of potential applications such as moisture harvesting, dehumidification, and heat pumps. In this context, sorbents exhibiting an S-shaped single-step water sorption isotherm are desirable, most of which are structurally rigid sorbents that undergo pore-filling at low relative humidity (RH), ideally below 30% RH. Here, we report that a new flexible one-dimensional (1D) coordination network, [Cu(HQS)(TMBP)] (H2HQS = 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid and TMBP = 4,4âČ-trimethylenedipyridine), exhibits at least five phases: two as-synthesized open phases, α â H2O and ÎČ â MeOH; an activated closed phase (Îł); CO2 (ÎŽ â CO2) and C2H2 (Ï” â C2H2) loaded phases. The Îł phase underwent a reversible structural transformation to α â H2O with a stepped sorption profile (Type F-IV) when exposed to water vapor at 100 cycles and only mild heating (<323 K) is required for regeneration. Unexpectedly, the kinetics of loading and unloading of [Cu(HQS)(TMBP)] compares favorably with well-studied rigid water sorbents such as Al-fumarate, MOF-303, and CAU-10-H. Furthermore, a polymer composite of [Cu(HQS)(TMBP)] was prepared and its water sorption retained its stepped profile and uptake capacity over multiple cycles.</p
A coordination network that reversibly switches between two nonporous polymorphs and a high surface area porous phase
We report a 2-fold interpenetrated primitive cubic (pcu) network X-pcu-5-Zn, [Zn2(DMTDC)2(dpe)] (H2DMTDC = 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, dpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene), that exhibits reversible switching between an as-synthesized âopenâ phase, X-pcu-5-Zn-α, and two nonporous or âclosedâ polymorphs, X-pcu-5-Zn-ÎČ and X-pcu-5-Zn-Îł. There are two unusual features of X-pcu-5-Zn. The first relates to its sorption properties, which reveal that the α form exhibits high CO2 uptake (ca. 255 cm3/g at 195 K) via reversible closed-to-open switching (type F-IV isotherm) of the type desirable for gas and vapor storage; there are only three other reports of porous materials that combine these two features. Second, we could only isolate the ÎČ form by activation of the CO2 loaded α form and it persists through multiple CO2 adsorption/desorption cycles. We are unaware of a new polymorph having been isolated in such a manner. That the observed phase changes of X-pcu-5-Zn-α occur in single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion enabled structural characterization of the three forms; Îł is a coordination isomer of α and ÎČ, both of which are based upon âpaddlewheelâ clusters
Recyclable switching between nonporous and porous phases of a square lattice (sql) topology coordination network
A nonporous square lattice (sql) coordination network [Co(bipy)2(NCS)2]n (sql-1-Co-NCS) exhibits recyclable switching induced by CO2. The sorption isotherms are stepped with moderate hysteresis, temperature controlled and saturation uptake is fixed. Such switching, which has rarely been observed, offers the promise of exceptional working capacity for gas storage
Efficient CO2 removal for ultra-pure CO production by two hybrid ultramicroporous materials
Removal of CO2 from CO gas mixtures is a necessary but challenging step during production of ultraâpure CO as processed from either steam reforming of hydrocarbons or CO2 reduction. Herein, two hybrid ultramicroporous materials (HUMs), SIFSIXâ3âNi and TIFSIXâ2âCuâi, which are known to exhibit strong affinity for CO2, were examined with respect to their performance for this separation. The singleâgas CO sorption isotherms of these HUMs were measured for the first time and are indicative of weak affinity for CO and benchmark CO2/CO selectivity (>4000 for SIFSIXâ3âNi). This prompted us to conduct dynamic breakthrough experiments and compare performance with other porous materials. Ultraâpure CO (99.99â%) was thereby obtained from CO gas mixtures containing both trace (1â%) and bulk (50â%) levels of CO2 in a oneâstep physisorptionâbased separation process
Impact of partial interpenetration in a hybrid ultramicroporous material on C2H2/C2H4 separation performance
Phases of a 2âfold pcu Hybrid Ultramicroporous Material (HUM),
SIFSIXâ14âCuâi, exhibiting 99%, 93%, 89%, and 70% partial
interpenetration have been obtained. 1:99 C2H2/C2H4 gas
separation studies reveal that as the proportion of
interpenetrated component decreases, so does the separation
performance
Reversible switching between highly porous and non-porous phases of an interpenetrated diamondoid coordination network that exhibits gate-opening at methane storage pressures
Herein, we report that a new flexible coordination network, NiL2 (L=4â(4âpyridyl)âbiphenylâ4âcarboxylic acid), with diamondoid topology switches between nonâporous (closed) and several porous (open) phases at specific CO2 and CH4 pressures. These phases are manifested by multiâstep lowâpressure isotherms for CO2 or a singleâstep highâpressure isotherm for CH4. The potential methane working capacity of NiL2 approaches that of compressed natural gas but at much lower pressures. The guestâinduced phase transitions of NiL2 were studied by singleâcrystal XRD, inâ
situ variable pressure powder XRD, synchrotron powder XRD, pressureâgradient differential scanning calorimetry (PâDSC), and molecular modeling. The detailed structural information provides insight into the extreme flexibility of NiL2. Specifically, the extended linker ligand, L, undergoes ligand contortion and interactions between interpenetrated networks or sorbateâsorbent interactions enable the observed switching