3,121 research outputs found
Regularity of pullback attractors for nonclassical diffusion equations with delay
In this paper, we mainly study the regularity of pullback
-attractors for a nonautonomous nonclassical diffusion equation
with delay term which contains some hereditary characteristics.
Under a critical nonlinearity , a time-dependent force with
exponential growth and a delayed force term , we prove that there
exists a pullback -attractor in to
problem \eqref{ine01} and for each , is bounded in
(E)-N′-[(2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylidene]nicotinohydrazide
In the molÂecule of the title compound, C17H13N3O2, the naphthyl ring system and the pyridine ring form a dihedral angle of 12.2 (3)°. An intraÂmolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates a six-membered ring with an S(6) ring motif. This also contributes to the relative overall near planarity of the molÂecule [r.m.s. deviation of all 22 non-H atoms = 0.107 (5) Å]. In the crystal, molÂecules are linked through interÂmolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a axis
Signaling transduction regulated by 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor and orexin receptor 2 heterodimers
As G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) and orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) regulate the levels of the cellular downstream molecules. The heterodimers of different GPCRs play important roles in various of neurological diseases. Moreover, 5-HT1AR and OX2R are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as depression with deficiency of hippocampus plasticity. However, the direct interaction of the two receptors remains elusive. In the present study, we firstly demonstrated the heterodimer formation of 5-HT1AR and OX2R. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) cAMP bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensor analysis revealed that the expression levels of cellular cAMP significantly increased in HEK293T cells transfected with the two receptors compared with the 5-HT1AR group. Additionally, the cellular level of calcium was upregulated robustly in HEK293T cells co-transfected with 5-HT1AR and OX2R group after agonist treatment. Furthermore, western blotting data showed that 5-HT1AR and OX2R heterodimer decreased the levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). These results not only unraveled the formation of 5-HT1AR and OX2R heterodimer but also suggested that the heterodimer affected the downstream signaling pathway, which will provide new insights into the function of the two receptors in the brain
Expressions of toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and relative cellular factors in HIV patients with tuberculosis infection
Purpose: To investigate the expressions of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ (IFN- gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with tuberculosis (TB) infection.Methods: Two groups of HIV patients (68 in each group) were used for this study. These were HIV with TB (HIV/TB) group and HIV without TB group. A third group (68 healthy people) served as control. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was adopted to measure TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), while the serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA.Results: The △Ct values of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in HIV/TB and HIV groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared to control group, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 significantly increased, while IFN-γ and IL-2 in HIV/TB and HIV groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05). However, IFN-γ and IL-2 decreased significantly in HIV/TB group (p < 0.05). Expression of TLR2 correlated positively with serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, but negatively with IFN-γ and IL-2 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: TLR2 signal pathway plays a role in HIV patients with TB infection by promoting the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, while inhibiting IFN-γ and IL-2 cellular factors, and thus may provide a new pathway for the treatment of patients with HIV/TB.Keywords: HIV, Tuberculosis, Toll-like receptor, Cellular factors, Tumor necrosis factor, Interleuki
Nonlinear Inertia Classification Model and Application
Classification model of support vector machine (SVM) overcomes the problem of a big number of samples. But the kernel parameter and the punishment factor have great influence on the quality of SVM model. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an evolutionary search algorithm based on the swarm intelligence, which is suitable for parameter optimization. Accordingly, a nonlinear inertia convergence classification model (NICCM) is proposed after the nonlinear inertia convergence (NICPSO) is developed in this paper. The velocity of NICPSO is firstly defined as the weighted velocity of the inertia PSO, and the inertia factor is selected to be a nonlinear function. NICPSO is used to optimize the kernel parameter and a punishment factor of SVM. Then, NICCM classifier is trained by using the optical punishment factor and the optical kernel parameter that comes from the optimal particle. Finally, NICCM is applied to the classification of the normal state and fault states of online power cable. It is experimentally proved that the iteration number for the proposed NICPSO to reach the optimal position decreases from 15 to 5 compared with PSO; the training duration is decreased by 0.0052 s and the recognition precision is increased by 4.12% compared with SVM
Dynamic changes of main metabolic substances during anther-derived embryos development in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. ‘Dawuxing’)
The main metabolic substances changes during the development process of anther-derived embryos in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. ‘Dawuxing’) were studied. These include water contents, dry mass contents, carbohydrates, soluble proteins and nucleic acids. In the developmental stages of anther-derived embryos, the fresh weight and the dry mass contents increased gradually with the anther-derived embryos development as a whole. Soluble sugars, soluble protein and nucleic acid were closely related to the development and maturation of embryos, changing significantly in metabolism at the important development turning points. Soluble sugar, fructose and starch contents had the same change trend. The two accumulation peaks appeared at globular and cotyledon stages. During the development of loquat anther embryos, the dynamics of protein synthesis were roughly in "S" shape. The two accumulation peaks appeared at globular and cotyledon stage, respectively, in accordance with the change of sugar and starch. Alkaline protein contents were higher than acidic protein contents. Alkaline protein contents and total soluble protein contents had the same change trend during the development process. DNA contents and total nucleic acid contents had the same change trend during the development of anther-derived embryos. The DNA synthesis peaks appeared at the embryogenic callus stage. RNA contents were very low at embryogenic callus stage and cotyledon stage, while DNA was actively synthesized at the two stages.Key words: Eriobotrya japonica, anther culture, embryos, metabolic substances
SwinFace: A Multi-task Transformer for Face Recognition, Expression Recognition, Age Estimation and Attribute Estimation
In recent years, vision transformers have been introduced into face
recognition and analysis and have achieved performance breakthroughs. However,
most previous methods generally train a single model or an ensemble of models
to perform the desired task, which ignores the synergy among different tasks
and fails to achieve improved prediction accuracy, increased data efficiency,
and reduced training time. This paper presents a multi-purpose algorithm for
simultaneous face recognition, facial expression recognition, age estimation,
and face attribute estimation (40 attributes including gender) based on a
single Swin Transformer. Our design, the SwinFace, consists of a single shared
backbone together with a subnet for each set of related tasks. To address the
conflicts among multiple tasks and meet the different demands of tasks, a
Multi-Level Channel Attention (MLCA) module is integrated into each
task-specific analysis subnet, which can adaptively select the features from
optimal levels and channels to perform the desired tasks. Extensive experiments
show that the proposed model has a better understanding of the face and
achieves excellent performance for all tasks. Especially, it achieves 90.97%
accuracy on RAF-DB and 0.22 -error on CLAP2015, which are
state-of-the-art results on facial expression recognition and age estimation
respectively. The code and models will be made publicly available at
https://github.com/lxq1000/SwinFace
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