171 research outputs found
Exploring combined influences of material topography, stiffness and chemistry on cell behavior at biointerfaces
Complexe materiaalgrensvlakken zijn ontworpen voor het exploreren van cel-materiaal interactions om de relatie tussen biomateriaal eigenschappen en biologische prestatie blood te leggen welke in de toekomst gebruikt kan worden voor geadvanceerde weefselbouw en regeneratieve geneeskunde. Cellen nemen altijd verscheidene signalen op uit hun microomgeving en hierdoor moeten we vele verschillende parameters van de biomaterialen incorporeren zodat we deze gedragingen zo accuraat mogelijk kunnen bestuderen en de toestand van de cel koppelen aan de interactie die wordt aangegaan met de materiaal eigenschappen. Om controle te verkrijgen over cel gedrag en deze te kunnen sturen, is het cruciaal om optimaal celgedrag te bepalen waarbij in detail naar een groot aantal parameterwaardes wordt gekeken binnen een groot spreidingsgebied. Naar verwachting illusteren de bevindingen beschreven in dit proefschrift andere onderzoekers dat celgedrag in een complexere mix van stimuli moet worden bestudeerd. Ons werk zoals hier beschreven gaat niet alleen om het verkrijgen van meer kennis op het gebied van celgedrag omder invloed van materiaaleigenschappen maar ook om het toe te passen als manier om hoogwaardige biomaterialen te ontwikkelen voor commerciele doeleinden.Complex material interfaces were designed and developed to explore cell-material interactions and elicit the relationship between biomaterial properties and biological performance to be used in the future as possible advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. Cells always integrate multiple cues from their microenvironment and we should include as many different parameters in our biomaterials as possible and study these for an accurate description of the cell state as a consequence of interacting with a material. In order to highly control cellular behavior, it is crucial to identify the optimal cell response by studying a detailed interaction between cells and materials over a broad range. The findings in this thesis are expected to act as a catalyst for other researchers to efficiently explore cell behavior from a more complex point of view. Our work is not just to obtain more knowledge on cell and material interactions, but to apply this knowledge for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials, which can become commercially available
Exploring combined influences of material topography, stiffness and chemistry on cell behavior at biointerfaces
Exploring combined influences of material topography, stiffness and chemistry on cell behavior at biointerfaces
Exploring combined influences of material topography, stiffness and chemistry on cell behavior at biointerfaces
MOGAN: Morphologic-structure-aware Generative Learning from a Single Image
In most interactive image generation tasks, given regions of interest (ROI)
by users, the generated results are expected to have adequate diversities in
appearance while maintaining correct and reasonable structures in original
images. Such tasks become more challenging if only limited data is available.
Recently proposed generative models complete training based on only one image.
They pay much attention to the monolithic feature of the sample while ignoring
the actual semantic information of different objects inside the sample. As a
result, for ROI-based generation tasks, they may produce inappropriate samples
with excessive randomicity and without maintaining the related objects' correct
structures. To address this issue, this work introduces a
MOrphologic-structure-aware Generative Adversarial Network named MOGAN that
produces random samples with diverse appearances and reliable structures based
on only one image. For training for ROI, we propose to utilize the data coming
from the original image being augmented and bring in a novel module to
transform such augmented data into knowledge containing both structures and
appearances, thus enhancing the model's comprehension of the sample. To learn
the rest areas other than ROI, we employ binary masks to ensure the generation
isolated from ROI. Finally, we set parallel and hierarchical branches of the
mentioned learning process. Compared with other single image GAN schemes, our
approach focuses on internal features including the maintenance of rational
structures and variation on appearance. Experiments confirm a better capacity
of our model on ROI-based image generation tasks than its competitive peers
Decoupling the Amplitude and Wavelength of Anisotropic Topography and the Influence on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a High-Throughput Screening Approach
High-throughput screening (HTS) methods based on anisotropically topography gradients have been broadly used to investigate the interactions between cells and biomaterials. However, few studies focus on the optimum parameters of topography for osteogenic differentiation because the structures of topography are complex with multiple combinations of parameters. In this study, we developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based wrinkled topography gradients (amplitudes between 144 and 2854 nm and wavelengths between 0.91 and 13.62 mu m) and decoupled the wavelength and amplitude via imprinting lithography and shielded plasma oxidation. The PDMS wrinkle gradient was then integrated with the bottomless 96-well plate to constitute the wrinkled HTS platform, which consists of 70 different wrinkle parameters. From the in vitro culture of bone marrow stem cells, it was observed that aligned topography has an important influence on the macroscopic cell behavior (i.e., cell area, elongation, and nucleus area). Furthermore, the optimum wrinkle parameter (wavelength: 1.91 mu m; amplitude: 360 nm) for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells was determined via this screening plate approach. This screening platform is not only beneficial for a better understanding of the interactions between topography and biomaterials but also advances the development of bone tissue engineering developments
Development of an Aptamer-Conjugated Polyrotaxane-Based Biodegradable Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent for Tumor-Targeted Imaging
Gadolinium-based
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents
with biodegradability, biosafety, and high efficiency are highly desirable
for tumor diagnosis. Herein, a biodegradable, AS1411-conjugated, α-cyclodextrin
polyrotaxane-based MRI contrast agent (AS1411-G2Â(DTPA-Gd)-SS-PR) was
developed for targeted imaging of cancer. The polyrotaxane-based contrast
agent was achieved by the complexation of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)
and a linear polyÂ(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain containing disulfide
linkages at two terminals. The disulfides enable the dethreading of
the polyrotaxane into excretable small units due to cleavage of the
disulfide linkages by reducing agents such as intracellular glutathione
(GSH). Furthermore, the second-generation lysine dendron conjugated
with gadolinium chelates and AS1411, a G-quadruplex oligonucleotide
that has high binding affinity to nucleolin generally presenting a
high level on the surface of tumor cells, coupled to the α-CD
via click chemistry. The longitudinal relaxivity of AS1411-G2Â(DTPA-Gd)-SS-PR
(11.7 mM–1 s–1) was two times
higher than the clinically used Gd-DTPA (4.16 mM–1 s–1) at 0.5 T. The in vitro degradability was
confirmed by incubating with 10 mM 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT). Additionally,
the cytotoxicity, histological assessment, and gadolinium retention
studies showed that the prepared polyrotaxane-based contrast agent
had a superior biocompatibility and was predominantly cleared renally
without long-term accumulation toxicity. Importantly, AS1411-G2Â(DTPA-Gd)-SS-PR
displayed the enhanced performance in MRI of breast cancer cells in
vitro as well as a subcutaneous breast tumor in vivo due to the targeting
ability of the AS1411 aptamer. The enhanced performance was due to
efficient multivalent interactions with tumor cells, producing faster
accumulation and longer contrast imaging time at the tumor site. This
work clearly confirms that the specially designed and fabricated α-CD-based
polyrotaxane is a promising contrast agent with an excellent contrast
imaging performance and biosafety for tumor MR imaging
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