2-Mesitylacetic acid

In the title compound, C11H14O2, the dihedral angle between the CCOO carboxyl unit and the benzene ring is 85.37 (7)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Effects of glutamate on distortion–product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in guinea pigs

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate changes in evoked potentials and structure of the guinea pig cochleae during whole cochlear perfusion with glutamate.MethodsCM, CAP, DPOAE, and ABR were recorded as indicators of cochlear functions during whole cochlear perfusion. The morphology of the cochlea was studied via transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThere were no significant changes in DPOAE amplitude before and after glutamate perfusion. CM I/O function remained nonlinear during perfusion. ABR latencies were delayed following glutamate perfusion. The average CAP threshold was elevated 35 dB SPL following glutamate perfusion.. The OHCs appeared normal, but the IHCs and afferent dendrites showed cytoplasmic blebs after glutamate perfusion.ConclusionsWhile being a primary amino acid neurotransmitter at the synapses between hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, excessive glutamate is neurotoxic and can destroy IHCs and spiral ganglion neurons. The technique used in this study can also be used to build an animal model of auditory neuropathy

2-(2,4-Dichloro­phen­yl)acetic acid

In the title compound, C8H6Cl2O2, the dihedral angle between the C—C(=O)—OH carboxyl unit and the benzene ring is 70.70 (4)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked into chains extending along [001] by weak C—H⋯Cl inter­actions

Visualizing the elongated vortices in γ\gamma-Ga nanostrips

We study the magnetic response of superconducting $\gamma$-Ga via low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The magnetic vortex cores rely substantially on the Ga geometry, and exhibit an unexpectedly-large axial elongation with aspect ratio up to 40 in rectangular Ga nano-strips (width $l$ $<$ 100 nm). This is in stark contrast with the isotropic circular vortex core in a larger round-shaped Ga island. We suggest that the unusual elongated vortices in Ga nanostrips originate from geometric confinement effect probably via the strong repulsive interaction between the vortices and Meissner screening currents at the sample edge. Our finding provides novel conceptual insights into the geometrical confinement effect on magnetic vortices and forms the basis for the technological applications of superconductors.Comment: published in Phys. Rev. B as a Rapid Communicatio