A semantic ontology for disaster trail management system

Disasters, whether natural or human-made, leave a lasting impact on human lives and require mitigation measures. In the past, millions of human beings lost their lives and properties in disasters. Information and Communication Technology provides many solutions. The issue of so far developed disaster management systems is their inefficiency in semantics that causes failure in producing dynamic inferences. Here comes the role of semantic web technology that helps to retrieve useful information. Semantic web-based intelligent and self-administered framework utilizes XML, RDF, and ontologies for a semantic presentation of data. The ontology establishes fundamental rules for data searching from the unstructured world, i.e., the World Wide Web. Afterward, these rules are utilized for data extraction and reasoning purposes. Many disaster-related ontologies have been studied; however, none conceptualizes the domain comprehensively. Some of the domain ontologies intend for the precise end goal like the disaster plans. Others have been developed for the emergency operation center or the recognition and characterization of the objects in a calamity scene. A few ontologies depend on upper ontologies that are excessively abstract and are exceptionally difficult to grasp by the individuals who are not conversant with theories of the upper ontologies. The present developed semantic web-based disaster trail management ontology almost covers all vital facets of disasters like disaster type, disaster location, disaster time, misfortunes including the causalities and the infrastructure loss, services, service providers, relief items, and so forth. The objectives of this research were to identify the requirements of a disaster ontology, to construct the ontology, and to evaluate the ontology developed for Disaster Trail Management. The ontology was assessed efficaciously via competency questions; externally by the domain experts and internally with the help of SPARQL queries

GSM Based Smart Distribution System

Nontechnical losses (NTL) during transmission of electrical energy are a main problem in developing countries. It is so complicated for the utility companies to detect and fight the people responsible for the theft. Electricity theft forms a main chunk of non technical losses (NTL). These losses affect the quality of supply, increase load on the generating station, and affect tariff forced on actual consumers. This paper shows some common methods used by consumers for electricity theft and also proposes an architectural distribution system for theft detection using GSM based smart energy meter. The Inspiration of this work is to detect illegal consumers, preserve and successfully utilize energy. As well as smart meters are proposed to provide automatic readings/data of dissimilar parameters related to instantaneous power consumption via GSM. It will reduce the laborious task and financial expenditure by adopting the automatic meter reading instead of the manual meter reading process and bill data entry process.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i5.155

Emergency front of neck airway : what do trainers in the UK teach? A national survey

Background and Aims: Front of neck airway (FONA) is the final step to deliver oxygen in the difficult airway management algorithms. The Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines have recommended a standardized scalpel cricothyroidotomy technique for an emergency FONA. There is a wide variability in the FONA techniques with disparate approaches and training. We conducted a national postal survey to evaluate current teaching, availability of equipment, experienced surgical help and prevalent attitudes in the face of a can’t intubate, can’t oxygenate situation. Material and Methods: The postal survey was addressed to airway leads across National Health Service hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK). In the anesthetic departments with no designated airway leads, the survey was addressed to the respective college tutors. A total of 259 survey questionnaires were posted. Results: We received 209 survey replies with an overall response rate of 81%. Although 75% of respondents preferred scalpel cricothyroidotomy, only 28% of the anesthetic departments considered in-house FONA training as mandatory for all grades of anesthetists. Scalpel-bougie-tube kits were available in 95% of the anesthetic departments, either solely or in combination with other FONA devices. Conclusion: The survey has demonstrated that a majority of the airway trainers in the UK would prefer scalpel cricothyroidotomy as emergency FONA. There is a significant variation and deficiency in the current levels of FONA training. Hence, it is important that emergency FONA training is standardized and imparted at a multidisciplinary level

A Review on Pharmaceutical Waste Pollution in Water: Extent, Management and Removal Strategies

Pharmaceutical waste and presence of hazardous pollutants in them is a growing concern due to their fate, origin, higher rate of utilization and varying nature of active ingredients resulting in water contamination. However, there is few research on the graving nature of the problem. Cascading impacts on human and ecosystems can be expected from contaminated groundwater and other aquatic channels. While, various technologies used and studied for the removal/reduction/sedimentation of pharmaceutical pollutants. At the initial stages, level of toxicity should check with respect to flora, fauna, environment, and human health. Furthermore, the production of by-products from pharmaceutical pollutants should also be checked and regulated. These by-products can be much more toxic, than the original contaminants and can exert significant toxic effects. It was concluded that there should be ongoing efforts to reduce the cost associated with pharmaceutical waste and their pollutants removal processes to ensure sustainability in the environment and human being

Guyon's canal syndrome due to tortuous ulnar artery with DeQuervain stenosing tenosynovitis, ligamentous injuries and dorsal intercalated segmental instability syndrome, a rare presentation: a case report

The Guyon's canal syndrome is a well known clinical entity and may have significant impact on patient's quality of life. We report a case of 43-year-old male who presented with complaints of pain and numbness in right hand and difficulty in writing for past one month. On imaging diagnosis of Guyon's canal syndrome because of tortuous ulnar artery was made with additional findings of DeQuervain's stenosing tenosynovitis and dorsal intercalated segmental instability syndrome with ligamentous injury and subsequently these were confirmed on surgery

Desmodium mottle virus, the first legumovirus (genus Begomovirus) from East Africa

A novel bipartite legumovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), that naturally infects the wild leguminous plant Desmodium sp. in Uganda, was molecularly characterized and named Desmodium mottle virus. The highest nucleotide identities for DNA-A, obtained from two field-collected samples, were 79.9% and 80.1% with the legumovirus, soybean mild mottle virus. DNA-B had the highest nucleotide identities (65.4% and 66.4%) with a typical non-legumovirus Old World begomovirus, African cassava mosaic virus. This is the first report of a legumovirus in East Africa and extends the known diversity of begomoviruses found infecting wild plants in this continent

A Disaster Document Classification Technique Using Domain Specific Ontologies

Abstract—Manual data collection and entry is one of the bottlenecks in conventional disaster management information systems. Time is a critical factor in emergency situations and timely data collection and processing may help in saving several lives. An effective disaster management system needs to collect data from World Wide Web automatically. A prerequisite for data collection process is document classification mechanism to classify a particular document into different categories. Ontologies are formal bodies of knowledge used to capture machine understandable semantics of a domain of interest and have been used successfully to support document classification in various domains. This paper presents an ontology-based document classification technique for automatic data collection in a disaster management system. A general ontology of disasters is used that contains the description of several natural and man-made disasters. The proposed technique augments the conventional classification measures with the ontological knowledge to improve the precision of classification. A preliminary implementation of the proposed technique shows promising results with up to 10 % overall improvement in precision when compared with conventional classification methods

Effect of Axial Pre-Compression on Lateral Performance of Masonry Under Cyclic Loading

Strengthening of masonry against seismic events is very essential and getting maximum attention of researchers around the globe. An extensive experimental program was carried out to study the in-plane lateral performance of un-reinforced masonry, strengthened and retrofitted masonry wall panels under lateral cyclic loading. Twenty tests were carried out; four tests under monotonic lateral loading, twelve tests under static cyclic loading and four tests under pure compression. The test results were analyzed in five groups and this paper presents the analysis of group 4, which deals with effect of axial pre-compression on masonry seismic performance. Three single leaf panels with aspect ratio of 0.67 having size 1.65x1.1m were constructed using same material and workmanship. All the three un-reinforced walls were tested under 0, 0.5 and 1.0MPa vertical pre-compression and displacement controlled static cyclic loading. The wall tested under 0.5MPa pre-compression was reference specimen. The key parameters studied were hysterics behavior, peak lateral load, ultimate lateral displacement, energy dissipation, ductility, response factor and damping ratio. It was observed that level of axial pre-compression has significant effect on lateral capacity, failure mode and performance of masonry. In case of zero pre-compression the lateral capacity was very less and wall went into rocking failure at early stages of loading. Increase in pre-compression to 1.0MPa enhanced the lateral capacity by a factor of 1.92 times. After analysis of test results, it is found that pre-compression has significant effect on lateral capacity, failure mode and performance of masonry. In case of zero pre-compression the lateral capacity was very less and wall went into rocking failure at early stages of loading. Increase in pre-compression to 1.0MPa enhanced the lateral capacity by a factor of 1.92 times. After analysis of test results, it is found that pre-compression has very significant effect on lateral strength, energy dissipation and overall seismic performance