L’empire du réseau parallèle : le numérique en chine

Entre recherche d’autarcie pour les services numériques et renforcement de la place des industries chinoises du hardware dans le marché mondial, l’État chinois n’est pas prêt à se fondre dans une mondialisation sociale et culturelle, mais souhaite profiter à plein de la mondialisation commerciale.In search of self-sufficiency for digital services and strengthening of the position of Chinese hardware industries in the global market, the Chinese state is not ready to merge in a social and cultural globalization, but wants to take full advantage of the commercial globalization

Les big-data : pistes de reflexions historiques, ethiques et epistemologiques pour l’appropriation sociale ; retours et attentes d’experimentations en learning analytics

In this paper, we aim to explore ways of transformations of the new techno-culture that will become essential to appropriate two emerging technologies closely related: Big-datas and Datas Analytics. We discuss as well the history of big-datas and statistical analysis but also their digital pre-warning. In terms of multivariate statistical analysis, we discuss the epistemological issues but also ethical Copernican reversal caused by this analysis (discussed Benzécri / Bourdieu). The questions to being techno-digital, closely related with human intelligence, it also upset by its implementation collaborative networks, are quickly raised (Heidegger, Simondon, Derrida and the current bibliography). We conclude by stating the close involvement of our ITEN-UNESCO Chair for ISO standardization of ICT and Learning Analytics standardization project that just opened. We also present our project Muren HD (digital humanities involving crowdsourcing synergy for education, research and heritage in a culturally Euro-Mediterranean context); a project that is part of education-research-project IDEFI Créatic

Knowledge transfer litigation and arbitration in European Union – China relationships

Face à la mutation des modalités des échanges internationaux et à l'accentuation du commerce de biens intellectuels entre entreprises de traditions différentes, des réajustements des modèles contractuels et un réordonnancement des modes de règlement des différends semblent inévitables. La nature juridique incertaine des connaissances secrètes, en Chine et dans l’Union européenne est un obstacle à la formalisation de leur transfert et par conséquent à la définit ion d’un cadre de résolution des différends adapté. Si les propositions de lois et de direct ive se multiplient pour définir cette notion et son régime, l’approche retenue est souvent limitée à la dimension délictuelle de la divulgation de la connaissance. La recherche menée, tout en tenant compte des atteintes portées au secret, se focalise principalement sur le transfert volontaire de connaissances. Pour répondre aux besoins des acteurs du commerce international, ces opérations ne peuvent plus être limitées aux seuls contrats de « communication de savoir - faire ». Si les notions de « bien intellectuel » et de « possession intellectuelle »permettent de justifier théoriquement d’autres formes contractuelles, les droits chinois et européen se réfèrent aux cessions et licences de connaissances. Ces opérations, souvent insérées dans un ensemble contractuel complexe et réalisées entre parties de cultures différentes,peuvent engendrer des différends variés. Lorsque ces différends apparaissent,le degré de confidentialité assuré devant les juridictions nationales étudiées ne permet pas de répondre aux attentes légitimes des parties. Les différences de cultures processuelles des parties et la culture chinoise du règlement amiable des différends invitent aussi à éviter le recours aux juridictions nationales. Les combinaisons entre médiat ion et arbitrage, par leur grande flexibilité procédurale, peuvent fournir un cadre de résolut ion adapté aux exigences tant économiques que culturelles des parties. Dans cet esprit, la thèse propose la mise en place d’un Règlement de M²arb avec un médiateur–expert, garant de la confidentialité du processus de résolut ion des différends.Facing the evolution of international trade and the development of intellectual proper ty trade between companies from different backgrounds, contractual model readjustments and a reordering of dispute resolution systems seems unavoidable. The unsettled legal status of secret knowledge in China and in the EU can be an obstacle to the formalization of their transfer and therefore inhibits the definition of a suitable framework for resolving disputes. Legislators and scholars are currently debating proposals of laws and directives to elaborate this concept and its regime, but only address issues liketor t and disclosure of secret information. Legal scholarship to date has mainly been focused on the voluntary transfer of knowledge and has taken intoaccount the damage caused to secrets. To meet the needs of business operators, these operations should not be limited to "know-how communication contracts” (contrats de communication de savoir - faire). The concepts of “ intellectual good” and " intellectual ownership" theoretically justifyother types of contracts, while Chinese and European laws refer to assignment and license of trade secret . These operations, often provided for in a complexs et of contracts between parties from different cultural backgrounds, can lead to a wide variety of disputes. When disputes occur, national courts do not always provide a level of protect ion of confidential information that meets parties’ expectations. Differences in procedural cultures as well as the Chinese culture of amicable dispute settlement prevent the parties from relying on national courts. The combinations between mediation and arbitration, by their procedural flexibility, can provide a suitable dispute resolution framework taking into account economic and cultural considerations. Therefore, this thesis proposes M² arb Rules that introduce a mediator-expert with a mission of securing knowledge confidentiality during the dispute resolution process

COMPUTER & MEDIA ART AT THE AGE OF METAVERSE AND NFT: Proceedings of the 7th Computer Art Congress [CAC.7]

International audienceDuring the imposed break by the COVID in 2020, the digital transitions took place very, even too, quickly and this was in favor of the massive appropriation of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) thus allowing emerging innovations (secure transactions, distributed registers, virtual and augmented spaces) to take place. CAC.7, organized in Geneva, Switzerland on 2022 focused on “Computer & Media Art at the Age of Metaverse and NFT”, with the aim of delving how digital arts allow the exploration of new creative, cultural, economic and legal paradigms in relation to the rise of Metaverses and NFTs. It expectedto be a solid framework for the emergence of transdisciplinary reflections, research projects and artistic experiments

The Paper or the Video: Why Choose ?

International audienceThis paper investigates the possibilities offered by the more and more common availability of scientific video material. In particular it investigates how to best study research results by combining recorded talks and their corresponding scientific articles. To do so, it outlines desired properties of an interesting e-research system based on cognitive considerations and considers related issues. This design work is completed by the introduction of two prototypes

Texte & image 2 : une mise en réseau

International audienceSOMMAIRE : -*- Avant propos / Laurent Croset ; -1- Texte & Image 2 : une mise en réseau / Marc Veyrat ; -3- ®-Mix MAKI & Flux (im)mobiles / Marc Veyrat, Franck Soudan & Rudy Rigoudy ; -4- Oreste Nègre : les " Appunti per un 'Orestiade africana " de Pasolini comme répertoire de possibles et forme ouverte / Dominique Lanni ; -5- Le sens travesti ? Texte et image, du manuscrit aux incunables, dans les Nouvelles 26, 45 et 60 des Cent Nouvelles nouvelles / Dominique Lagorgette ; -6- Les frontières Image & Texte, la photographie / François Soulages ; -7- Coup de phare sur les "100 notions". Un outil collaboratif hybride pour coconstruire des connaissances pour et avec la génération Y / Ghislaine Azémard & Matthieu Quiniou ; -8- Jean Clair & l'art miroir de l'Occident / Richard Spiteri ; -9- L'expérience de l''extériorité : texte et photographie / Gilles Picarel ; -10- Icônes et caricatures. La protection du sacré en droit français de la presse / Matthieu Quiniou & Stéphanie Corbière ; -11- La transposition visuelle de la tonalité gothique. Du "Mauprat" (1837) de George Sand au "Mauprat" (1926) de Jean Epstein / Marilyn Mallia ; -12- Trajets d'i+( / Marc Veyrat

Type 1 Diabetes in People Hospitalized for COVID-19: New Insights From the CORONADO Study

International audienc

The association between macrovascular complications and intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality in people with diabetes hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)

International audienceAbstract Background It is not clear whether pre-existing macrovascular complications (ischemic heart disease, stroke or peripheral artery disease) are associated with health outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods We conducted cohort studies of adults with pre-existing diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in the UK, France, and Spain during the early phase of the pandemic (between March 2020—October 2020). Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors and other comorbidities were used to determine associations between previous macrovascular disease and relevant clinical outcomes: mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) during the hospitalization. Output from individual logistic regression models for each cohort was combined in a meta-analysis. Results Complete data were available for 4,106 (60.4%) individuals. Of these, 1,652 (40.2%) had any prior macrovascular disease of whom 28.5% of patients died. Mortality was higher for people with compared to those without previous macrovascular disease (37.7% vs 22.4%). The combined crude odds ratio (OR) for previous macrovascular disease and mortality for all four cohorts was 2.12 (95% CI 1.83–2.45 with an I 2 of 60%, reduced after adjustments for age, sex, type of diabetes, hypertension, microvascular disease, ethnicity, and BMI to adjusted OR 1.53 [95% CI 1.29–1.81]) for the three cohorts. Further analysis revealed that ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were the main contributors of adverse outcomes. However, proportions of people admitted to ICU (adjOR 0.48 [95% CI 0.31–0.75], I 2 60%) and the use of IMV during hospitalization (adjOR 0.52 [95% CI 0.40–0.68], I 2 37%) were significantly lower for people with previous macrovascular disease. Conclusions This large multinational study of people with diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19 demonstrates that previous macrovascular disease is associated with higher mortality and lower proportions admitted to ICU and treated with IMV during hospitalization suggesting selective admission criteria. Our findings highlight the importance correctly assess the prognosis and intensive monitoring in this high-risk group of patients and emphasize the need to design specific public health programs aimed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in this subgroup