A Knowledge-Based Approach for PLM Implementation Using Modular Benefits Dependency Networks

Part 10: Maturity Implementation and AdoptionInternational audienceIndustrial companies face significant challenges when they engage in the implementation of Product Lifecycle Management. Research has shown that organizations have difficulties in defining concrete and measurable goals and relating enabling technology to business benefits. Moreover, implementation service providers rely heavily on tacit knowledge when it comes to operational details. This paper proposes a conceptual framework as a methodology for implementation teams. It allows teams to reuse implementation knowledge on a detailed level, related to contribution to benefits and business goals. The methodology is derived from emerging, set-based product and process development methodologies and also from benefit management strategies for information systems. The goal of this methodology is to increase the probability that Product Lifecycle Management implementation contributes to the business benefits of organizations and therefore lower the economic risks. The paper describes the method and the result of two explorative case studies

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Distance-Independent Contactless Interrogation of Quartz Resonator Sensor with Printed-on-Crystal Coil

A novel quartz crystal resonator sensor, which embeds a conductive printed planar coil that enables electromagnetic contactless interrogation techniques is presented. An aerosol-jet process is used to precisely and accurately deposit electronic inks onto a 330 µm-thick bare piezoelectric quartz crystal to print the planar coil and the electrodes. The proposed interrogation technique enables distance-independent operation, and is based on the measurement of the reflected impedance of the quartz resonator sensor through the planar primary coil of the coupled inductors. The resonant frequency, measured without contact using the primary coil connected to an impedance analyzer, results 4.790260 MHz. Contactless operation distances up to 12.2 mm have been obtained. The experimental results have a maximum deviation of about 50 Hz, i.e. 10.5 ppm, with respect to reference measurements taken via contact probes

Distance-Independent Contactless Interrogation of Quartz Resonator Sensor with Printed-on-Crystal Coil

A novel quartz crystal resonator sensor, which embeds a conductive printed planar coil that enables electromagnetic contactless interrogation techniques is presented. An aerosol-jet process is used to precisely and accurately deposit electronic inks onto a 330 µm-thick bare piezoelectric quartz crystal to print the planar coil and the electrodes. The proposed interrogation technique enables distance-independent operation, and is based on the measurement of the reflected impedance of the quartz resonator sensor through the planar primary coil of the coupled inductors. The resonant frequency, measured without contact using the primary coil connected to an impedance analyzer, results 4.790260 MHz. Contactless operation distances up to 12.2 mm have been obtained. The experimental results have a maximum deviation of about 50 Hz, i.e. 10.5 ppm, with respect to reference measurements taken via contact probes