Investigating the factors affecting the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants: a case study of Hangzhou in China

This paper examines the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants in the Chinese context. The study uses the survey data of residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants in Hangzhou. The ordered logit model is employed to examine the factors affecting the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants, a special group of the workforce in metropolitan cities of China. Unlike the previous studies of residential satisfaction of rural migrant workers in Chinese cities, we find that the residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants does follow the standard patterns identified in the literature; the socio-demographic attributes such as gender, education, income, housing characteristics of size and the quality of kitchen and sanitary facilities and neighbourhood environment and location factors such as the distance to work place, accessibility to employment and other location and the availability of entertaining amenities are significant determinants of residential satisfaction of new-generation migrants. Additionally, the institutional factors such as tenancy agreement signed with landlord and lease length, which provides tenants with residential stability and security have a significant impact on residential satisfaction. This finding has policy implication of regulating the growing rental housing market in China. This finding also complements the existing research on residential satisfaction

Special communication: China’s first historic efforts to develop a tobacco control advocacy workforce via schools of public health

This paper provides an overview of a recent 18-month project which set out for the first time to introduce training on tobacco control into the curricula of public health courses in Chinese universities. The aim was to produce graduates with appropriate knowledge and skills to be effective in advocating for policies that could lead to the reduction of tobacco use. Results from this initial project involving seven universities have been encouraging and the new curriculum is to be implemented, with some changes, on a wider scale throughout China. Each of the universities also successfully introduced a smoke-free campus policy and the aim is to extend this policy

Positive exchange bias in ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 / SrRuO3 bilayers

Epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO)/ SrRuO3 (SRO) ferromagnetic bilayers have been grown on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition with atomic layer control. We observe a shift in the magnetic hysteresis loop of the LSMO layer in the same direction as the applied biasing field (positive exchange bias). The effect is not present above the Curie temperature of the SRO layer (), and its magnitude increases rapidly as the temperature is lowered below . The direction of the shift is consistent with an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic LSMO layer and the ferromagnetic SRO layer. We propose that atomic layer charge transfer modifies the electronic state at the interface, resulting in the observed antiferromagnetic interfacial exchange coupling.Comment: accepted to Applied Physics Letter

In vitro expanded human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress effector T cell proliferation.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be critical in the balance between autoimmunity and tolerance and have been implicated in several human autoimmune diseases. However, the small number of Tregs in peripheral blood limits their therapeutic potential. Therefore, we developed a protocol that would allow for the expansion of Tregs while retaining their suppressive activity. We isolated CD4+CD25 hi cells from human peripheral blood and expanded them in vitro in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 magnetic Xcyte Dynabeads and high concentrations of exogenous Interleukin (IL)-2. Tregs were effectively expanded up to 200-fold while maintaining surface expression of CD25 and other markers of Tregs: CD62L, HLA-DR, CCR6, and FOXP3. The expanded Tregs suppressed proliferation and cytokine secretion of responder PBMCs in co-cultures stimulated with anti-CD3 or alloantigen. Treg expansion is a critical first step before consideration of Tregs as a therapeutic intervention in patients with autoimmune or graft-versus-host disease

SUMO Modification Stabilizes Enterovirus 71 Polymerase 3D To Facilitate Viral Replication.

Accumulating evidence suggests that viruses hijack cellular proteins to circumvent the host immune system. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are extensively studied posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that play critical roles in diverse biological processes. Cross talk between ubiquitination and SUMOylation of both host and viral proteins has been reported to result in distinct functional consequences. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), an RNA virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, is a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Little is known concerning how host PTM systems interact with enteroviruses. Here, we demonstrate that the 3D protein, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of EV71, is modified by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) both during infection and in vitro Residues K159 and L150/D151/L152 were responsible for 3D SUMOylation as determined by bioinformatics prediction combined with site-directed mutagenesis. Also, primer-dependent polymerase assays indicated that mutation of SUMOylation sites impaired 3D polymerase activity and virus replication. Moreover, 3D is ubiquitinated in a SUMO-dependent manner, and SUMOylation is crucial for 3D stability, which may be due to the interplay between the two PTMs. Importantly, increasing the level of SUMO-1 in EV71-infected cells augmented the SUMOylation and ubiquitination levels of 3D, leading to enhanced replication of EV71. These results together suggested that SUMO and ubiquitin cooperatively regulated EV71 infection, either by SUMO-ubiquitin hybrid chains or by ubiquitin conjugating to the exposed lysine residue through SUMOylation. Our study provides new insight into how a virus utilizes cellular pathways to facilitate its replication. IMPORTANCE: Infection with enterovirus 71 (EV71) often causes neurological diseases in children, and EV71 is responsible for the majority of fatalities. Based on a better understanding of interplay between virus and host cell, antiviral drugs against enteroviruses may be developed. As a dynamic cellular process of posttranslational modification, SUMOylation regulates global cellular protein localization, interaction, stability, and enzymatic activity. However, little is known concerning how SUMOylation directly influences virus replication by targeting viral polymerase. Here, we found that EV71 polymerase 3D was SUMOylated during EV71 infection and in vitro Moreover, the SUMOylation sites were determined, and in vitro polymerase assays indicated that mutations at SUMOylation sites could impair polymerase synthesis. Importantly, 3D is ubiquitinated in a SUMOylation-dependent manner that enhances the stability of the viral polymerase. Our findings indicate that the two modifications likely cooperatively enhance virus replication. Our study may offer a new therapeutic strategy against virus replication