89,239 research outputs found
Distributed Flow Scheduling in an Unknown Environment
Flow scheduling tends to be one of the oldest and most stubborn problems in
networking. It becomes more crucial in the next generation network, due to fast
changing link states and tremendous cost to explore the global structure. In
such situation, distributed algorithms often dominate. In this paper, we design
a distributed virtual game to solve the flow scheduling problem and then
generalize it to situations of unknown environment, where online learning
schemes are utilized. In the virtual game, we use incentives to stimulate
selfish users to reach a Nash Equilibrium Point which is valid based on the
analysis of the `Price of Anarchy'. In the unknown-environment generalization,
our ultimate goal is the minimization of cost in the long run. In order to
achieve balance between exploration of routing cost and exploitation based on
limited information, we model this problem based on Multi-armed Bandit Scenario
and combined newly proposed DSEE with the virtual game design. Armed with these
powerful tools, we find a totally distributed algorithm to ensure the
logarithmic growing of regret with time, which is optimum in classic
Multi-armed Bandit Problem. Theoretical proof and simulation results both
affirm this claim. To our knowledge, this is the first research to combine
multi-armed bandit with distributed flow scheduling.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, conferenc
Heisenberg equation for a nonrelativistic particle on a hypersurface: from the centripetal force to a curvature induced force
In classical mechanics, a nonrelativistic particle constrained on an
curved hypersurface embedded in flat space experiences the centripetal
force only. In quantum mechanics, the situation is totally different for the
presence of the geometric potential. We demonstrate that the motion of the
quantum particle is "driven" by not only the the centripetal force, but also a
curvature induced force proportional to the Laplacian of the mean curvature,
which is fundamental in the interface physics, causing curvature driven
interface evolution.Comment: 4 page
The centripetal force law and the equation of motion for a particle on a curved hypersurface
It is pointed out that the current form of extrinsic equation of motion for a
particle constrained to remain on a hypersurface is in fact a half-finished
version for it is established without regard to the fact that the particle can
never depart from the geodesics on the surface. Once the fact be taken into
consideration, the equation takes that same form as that for centripetal force
law, provided that the symbols are re-interpreted so that the law is applicable
for higher dimensions. The controversial issue of constructing operator forms
of these equations is addressed, and our studies show the quantization of
constrained system based on the extrinsic equation of motion is favorable.Comment: 5 pages, major revisio
General covariant geometric momentum, gauge potential and a Dirac fermion on a two-dimensional sphere
For a particle that is constrained on an ()-dimensional ()
curved surface, the Cartesian components of its momentum in -dimensional
flat space is believed to offer a proper form of momentum for the particle on
the surface, which is called the geometric momentum as it depends on the mean
curvature. Once the momentum is made general covariance, the spin connection
part can be interpreted as a gauge potential. The present study consists in two
parts, the first is a discussion of the general framework for the general
covariant geometric momentum. The second is devoted to a study of a Dirac
fermion on a two-dimensional sphere and we show that there is the generalized
total angular momentum whose three cartesian components form the
algebra, obtained before by consideration of dynamics of the particle, and we
demonstrate that there is no curvature-induced geometric potential for the
fermion.Comment: 8 pages, no figure. Presentation improve
A note on modular forms and generalized anomaly cancellation formulas
By studying modular invariance properties of some characteristic forms, we
prove some new anomaly cancellation formulas which generalize the Han-Zhang and
Han-Liu-Zhang anomaly cancellation formula
Non-leptonic two-body weak decays of
We study the non-leptonic two-body weak decays of with () representing as the baryon (meson) states. Based
on the flavor symmetry, we can describe most of the data reexamined by
the BESIII Collaboration with higher precisions. However, our result of is larger than the
current experimental limit of (90\% C.L.) by BESIII. In
addition, we find that , , and , which are accessible
to the BESIII experiments.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, revised version accepted by PL
Performance of Cross-layer Design with Multiple Outdated Estimates in Multiuser MIMO System
By combining adaptive modulation (AM) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol as well as user scheduling, the cross-layer design scheme of multiuser MIMO system with imperfect feedback is presented, and multiple outdated estimates method is proposed to improve the system performance. Based on this method and imperfect feedback information, the closed-form expressions of spectral efficiency (SE) and packet error rate (PER) of the system subject to the target PER constraint are respectively derived. With these expressions, the system performance can be effectively evaluated. To mitigate the effect of delayed feedback, the variable thresholds (VTs) are also derived by means of the maximum a posteriori method, and these VTs include the conventional fixed thresholds (FTs) as special cases. Simulation results show that the theoretical SE and PER are in good agreement with the corresponding simulation. The proposed CLD scheme with multiple estimates can obtain higher SE than the existing CLD scheme with single estimate, especially for large delay. Moreover, the CLD scheme with VTs outperforms that with conventional FTs
Observation of Andreev Surface Bound States in the 3-K phase Region of Sr_2RuO_4
The tunneling spectrum of the superconducting phase with T_c ~ 3.0 K has been
measured in the Ru-embedded region of Sr_2RuO_4 using cleaved junctions. A
sharp zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) has been observed below 3 K. All
characteristics of this ZBCP suggest that it originates from Andreev surface
bound states, indicating that the pairing in the 3-K phase is also non-s-wave.
Below the bulk T_c of Sr_2RuO_4 (~1.5 K), a bell-shaped ZBCP was found. This
supports that there is a phase transition in the 3-K phase region near the bulk
T_c.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001
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