1,001 research outputs found
A likely detection of a local interplanetary dust cloud passing near the Earth in the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky map
Context. We are creating the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky diffuse maps. Through
a foreground removal of the zodiacal emission, we serendipitously detected a
bright residual component whose angular size is about 50 x 20 deg. at a
wavelength of 9 micron. Aims. We investigate the origin and the physical
properties of the residual component. Methods. We measured the surface
brightness of the residual component in the AKARI mid-infrared all-sky maps.
Results. The residual component was significantly detected only in 2007
January, even though the same region was observed in 2006 July and 2007 July,
which shows that it is not due to the Galactic emission. We suggest that this
may be a small cloud passing near the Earth. By comparing the observed
intensity ratio of I_9um/I_18um with the expected intensity ratio assuming
thermal equilibrium of dust grains at 1 AU for various dust compositions and
sizes, we find that dust grains in the moving cloud are likely to be much
smaller than typical grains that produce the bulk of the zodiacal light.
Conclusions. Considering the observed date and position, it is likely that it
originates in the solar coronal mass ejection (CME) which took place on 2007
January 25.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic
Properties of Newly Formed Dust Grains in The Luminous Type IIn Supernova 2010jl
Supernovae (SNe) have been proposed to be the main production sites of dust
grains in the Universe. Our knowledge on their importance to dust production
is, however, limited by observationally poor constraints on the nature and
amount of dust particles produced by individual SNe. In this paper, we present
a spectrum covering optical through near-Infrared (NIR) light of the luminous
Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) 2010jl around one and half years after the
explosion. This unique data set reveals multiple signatures of newly formed
dust particles. The NIR portion of the spectrum provides a rare example where
thermal emission from newly formed hot dust grains is clearly detected. We
determine the main population of the dust species to be carbon grains at a
temperature of ~1,350 - 1,450K at this epoch. The mass of the dust grains is
derived to be ~(7.5 - 8.5) x 10^{-4} Msun. Hydrogen emission lines show
wavelength-dependent absorption, which provides a good estimate on the typical
size of the newly formed dust grains (~0.1 micron, and most likely <~0.01
micron). We attribute the dust grains to have been formed in a dense cooling
shell as a result of a strong SN-circumstellar media (CSM) interaction. The
dust grains occupy ~10% of the emitting volume, suggesting an inhomogeneous,
clumpy structure. The average CSM density is required to be >~3 x 10^{7}
cm^{-3}, corresponding to a mass loss rate of >~0.02 Msun yr^{-1} (for a mass
loss wind velocity of ~100 km s^{-1}). This strongly supports a scenario that
SN 2010jl and probably other luminous SNe IIn are powered by strong
interactions within very dense CSM, perhaps created by Luminous Blue Variable
(LBV)-like eruptions within the last century before the explosion.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by ApJ on 30 July 2013. The accepted
version was submitted on 8 July 2013, and the original version was submitted
on 3 March 201
Electromagnetic fields in a 3D cavity and in a waveguide with oscillating walls
We consider classical and quantum electromagnetic fields in a
three-dimensional (3D) cavity and in a waveguide with oscillating boundaries of
the frequency . The photons created by the parametric resonance are
distributed in the wave number space around along the axis of the
oscillation. When classical waves propagate along the waveguide in the one
direction, we observe the amplification of the original waves and another wave
generation in the opposite direction by the oscillation of side walls. This can
be understood as the classical counterpart of the photon production. In the
case of two opposite walls oscillating with the same frequency but with a phase
difference, the interferences are shown to occur due to the phase difference in
the photon numbers and in the intensity of the generated waves.Comment: 8 pages revTeX including 1 eps fi
Lanczos exact diagonalization study of field-induced phase transition for Ising and Heisenberg antiferromagnets
Using an exact diagonalization treatment of Ising and Heisenberg model
Hamiltonians, we study field-induced phase transition for two-dimensional
antiferromagnets. For the system of Ising antiferromagnet the predicted
field-induced phase transition is of first order, while for the system of
Heisenberg antiferromagnet it is the second-order transition. We find from the
exact diagonalization calculations that the second-order phase transition
(metamagnetism) occurs through a spin-flop process as an intermediate step.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
One-Parameter Squeezed Gaussian States of Time-Dependent Harmonic Oscillator and Selection Rule for Vacuum States
By using the invariant method we find one-parameter squeezed Gaussian states
for both time-independent and time-dependent oscillators. The squeezing
parameter is expressed in terms of energy expectation value for
time-independent case and represents the degree of mixing positive and negative
frequency solutions for time-dependent case. A {\it minimum uncertainty
proposal} is advanced to select uniquely vacuum states at each moment of time.
We show that the Gaussian states with minimum uncertainty coincide with the
true vacuum state for time-independent oscillator and the Bunch-Davies vacuum
for a massive scalar field in a de Sitter spacetime.Comment: 13 Pages, ReVTeX, no figure
Renormalized Thermodynamic Entropy of Black Holes in Higher Dimensions
We study the ultraviolet divergent structures of the matter (scalar) field in
a higher D-dimensional Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole and compute the matter
field contribution to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy by using the Pauli-Villars
regularization method. We find that the matter field contribution to the black
hole entropy does not, in general, yield the correct renormalization of the
gravitational coupling constants. In particular we show that the matter field
contribution in odd dimensions does not give the term proportional to the area
of the black hole event horizon.Comment: Final Revision Form as to be published in Physical Review D, ReVTeX,
No Figure
Direct Imaging of Fine Structures in Giant Planet Forming Regions of the Protoplanetary Disk around AB Aurigae
We report high-resolution 1.6 \micron polarized intensity () images of
the circumstellar disk around the Herbig Ae star AB Aur at a radial distance of
22 AU () up to 554 AU (3.85), which have been obtained by the
high-contrast instrument HiCIAO with the dual-beam polarimetry. We revealed
complicated and asymmetrical structures in the inner part (140 AU) of
the disk, while confirming the previously reported outer ( 200 AU)
spiral structure. We have imaged a double ring structure at 40 and
100 AU and a ring-like gap between the two. We found a significant
discrepancy of inclination angles between two rings, which may indicate that
the disk of AB Aur is warped. Furthermore, we found seven dips (the typical
size is 45 AU or less) within two rings as well as three prominent
peaks at 40 AU. The observed structures, including a bumpy double ring, a
ring-like gap, and a warped disk in the innermost regions, provide essential
information for understanding the formation mechanism of recently detected
wide-orbit ( 20 AU) planets.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
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