Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels in cats with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently observed in cats and it is characterized as a multisystemic illness, caused by several underlying metabolic changes, and secondary renal hyperparathyroidism (SRHPT) is relatively common; usually it is associated with the progression of renal disease and poor prognosis. This study aimed at determining the frequency of SRHPT, and discussing possible mechanisms that could contribute to the development of SRHPT in cats at different stages of CKD through the evaluation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, as well as acid-base status. Forty owned cats with CKD were included and divided into three groups, according to the stages of the disease, classified according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) as Stage II (n=12), Stage III (n=22) and Stage IV (n=6). Control group was composed of 21 clinically healthy cats. Increased serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations were observed in most CKD cats in all stages, and mainly in Stage IV, which hyperphosphatemia and ionized hypocalcemia were detected and associated to the cause for the development of SRHPT. In Stages II and III, however, ionized hypercalcemia was noticed suggesting that the development of SRHPT might be associated with other factors, and metabolic acidosis could be involved to the increase of serum ionized calcium. Therefore, causes for the development of SRHPT seem to be multifactorial and they must be further investigated, mainly in the early stages of CKD in cats, as hyperphosphatemia and ionized hypocalcemia could not be the only factors involved

Risk Factors for Feline Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Thailand บทคั ดย่ อ ปั จจั ยเสี ่ ยงที ่ ทํ าให้ เกิ ดโรคทางเดิ นปั สสาวะส่ วนล่ างผิ ดปกติ ของแมวในประเทศไทย โรคทางเดิ นปั สสาวะส่ วนล่ างผิ ดปกติ (Feline Lower urinary tract; FLUTD) เป็ นความผิ ดปก

Abstract Feline lower urinary tract diseases (FLUTD) is a diagnostic term for cats with hematuria, dysuria, pollakiuria, and partial or complete urethral obstruction. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for cats with LUTD. Cats with LUTD were evaluated by history, physical examination, urinalysis, radiography, and contrast radiography. Clinically normal cats consisted of vaccinated cats without clinical signs of LUTD admitted to the same veterinary hospital. Cats with a history of urinary tract disease, and those received special treatment for LUTD were excluded. All cats' owners filled out standardized questionnaires about breed, gender, age, environmental factors, and diet of their cats to identify the risk and protective factors for LUTD. Chi-square analysis was used to assess significant association between urolith formation and categorical risk factors. In case of small expected frequencies, Fisher's exact test was used. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used to calculate odds ratios (OR MH ) and 95% confidence interval. This estimation of relative risk considered significant if 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios did not include 1.0. The proportional morbidity ratio of Feline LUTD in Thai cats was 2.22%. Cats eating canned food had lower risk of developing LUTD (OR MH = 0.12, 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.29) than cats eating dry food (OR MH = 0.29, 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.88). Multivariate Logistic Regression was performed using backward elimination. The results demonstrated that overweight cats were four times at higher risks of developing LUTD than cats with ideal body weight (OR = 4.68, 95% CI, 1.75 to 12.46)