Multi-Objective Optimization in Electro Discharge Machining of Al/B4c Metal Matrix Composites

Al, B4C metal matrix composites (MMCs) have significant applications in automobiles and nuclear power plants due to its excellent properties compared to other traditional materials. But the machning of MMCs is a big concern and still an area of research. Conventional machining of MMCs causes different problems like high tool wear, poor surface roughness, high machining cost etc.. Therefore, several researchers have used advanced machining methods like EDM, ECM, EBM, AJM etc. for effective machining of composites. EDM can be one of the best Nonconventional machining processes to machine such composites. So in this study EDM have been selected for machining of Al, B4Cp MMCs to get better quality of product and satisfactory machining characteristics. It is also very important to control and optimize the different process parameters of EDM.. Taguchi method can be used for optimization of different process parameters of EDM but Taguchi method is generally used for optimization of single response. EDM process is involved with multiple responses so a multi-objective (hybrid) optimization technique is need to use for optimization purpose. Therefore, in this study we have worked on selection of optimal parameter (machining) setting of EDM on Al/20%B4C composites using a hybrid optimization technique that is TOPSIS combined with Taguchi method. Performance parameters like material removal rate (MRR), tool Wear Rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) are used to optimize the machining parameters like current (Ip), voltage (V), pulse on time (Ton) etc using TOPSIS combined with Taguchi method

CDF II W-mass anomaly and SO(10) GUT

The W-mass anomaly has yet to be established, but a huge proliferation of articles on the subject established the rich potential of such event. We investigate the SO(10) GUT constraints from the recently reported W-mass anomaly. We consider both Supersymmetric (SUSY) and non-supersymmetric (non-SUSY) grand unified theories by studying renormalization group equations (RGEs) for gauge coupling unification and their predictions on proton decay. In the non-SUSY models, single-stage unification is possible if one include a light (around TeV) real triplet Higgs scalar. However, these models predict speedy proton decay, inconsistent with the present experimental bound on the proton decay. This situation may be improved by including newer scalars and new intermediate-mass scales, which are present in the $SO(10)$ GUTs. The standard model is extended to a left-right symmetric model (LR), and the scale of LR breaking naturally introduces the intermediate scale in the model. A single-stage unification is possible even without including any triplet Higgs scalar in a minimal supersymmetric standard model.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Single-site glycine-specific labeling of proteins.

Labeling of native proteins invites interest from diverse segments of science. However, there remains the significant unmet challenge in precise labeling at a single site of a protein. Here, we report the site-specific labeling of natural or easy-to-engineer N-terminus Gly in proteins with remarkable efficiency and selectivity. The method generates a latent nucleophile from N-terminus imine that reacts with an aldehyde to deliver an aminoalcohol under physiological conditions. It differentiates N-Gly as a unique target amongst other proteinogenic amino acids. The method allows single-site labeling of proteins in isolated form and extends to lysed cells. It administers an orthogonal aldehyde group primed for late-stage tagging with an affinity tag, 19F NMR probe, and a fluorophore. A user-friendly protocol delivers analytically pure tagged proteins. The mild reaction conditions do not alter the structure and function of the protein. The cellular uptake of fluorophore-tagged insulin and its ability to activate the insulin-receptor mediated signaling remains unperturbed

India: some reviews of literature related to religions and development

This review comprises of six essays aimed at the development of an inter-disciplinary framework for understanding religions and development in modern India. It was motivated by the increasing realization amongst social scientists that there is a need to take faith seriously in understanding the complexity of discourses of development, as promoted by the imperatives of democratic nation building in post-colonial India. Beginning, in the first chapter, with a contextualisation of the study of religion and development in post-colonial India, the review then moves to provide a discussion of the historical forces that shaped religion in the subcontinent; an analysis of the demographic aspects of religious communities in India; a consideration of the role of Roman-Catholic faith-based organizations (FBOs) in the provision of education; a sociological perspective on religion and development in North-east India; and, finally, an exploration of FBOs at the State level in Bihar

Variations in the Shape of Atrioventricular Cusps

Introduction: The right and the left atria of the human heart communicate with the right and left ventricle through the respective orifices. These orifices are guarded by atrioventricular valves. The right atrioventricular valve is called as tricuspid valve because it has three cusps. While the left atrioventricular valve referred to as mitral valve, or bicuspid valve because it has two cusps. Presence of one or multiple accessory leaflets in the valves and absence of one or multiple leaflets in the valves is known. Data regarding shape of cusps or leaflets on cadaveric study in literature is limited. Hence, an attempt is made to study variation in the shape of leaflets of valves and the shape of accessory leaflets when seen. Shape of leaflets play a key role in designing the prototype of valves for valve replacement. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 cadaveric human hearts were dissected in the Department of Anatomy at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune. Data were also collected from Anatomy Departments of other Medical Colleges. Variations in the shape of leaflets of the mitral and tricuspid valves were noted. Presence of accessory leaflets and their shape was also recorded. Results: Leaflets of both the valves were predominantly triangular in shape. The shape of accessory leaflets was also triangular. However, the leaflets did show variations in shape such as rectangular, D shape, semicircular. The incidence and significance of the variations in the shapes are discussed in the study. Conclusion: Atrioventricular valve leaflets show numerous variations in the shapes. Such diversity in the shapes of valves is of immense value in designing prototype of mitral and tricuspid valve prosthesis. However, this is a study done by dissection on static hearts. In life, there may be subtle changes in the shape of valves. The study should be extended further by doing observations on two-dimensional echo and transesophageal echocardiography

Morphometry of mitral valve

Introduction: Mitral valve lies between the left atrial and left ventricular chambers of the heart guarding unidirectional flow to the left ventricle during ventricular diastole. Dimensions of the valves and circumference of valvular openings play a crucial role in the hemodynamics of heart and in valve replacement procedures. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty formalin fixed hearts were used in the study. The circumference, cross-sectional area, length of annulus, length and height of cusps of mitral valves were measured tabulated and analyzed. Result: On analysis of the data, it was found that 55.83% of mitral valves had a circumference between 7.5 and 10 cm. The cross-sectional area of mitral valve was in the range of 5.1-7.5 cm 2 . The anterior cusp of mitral valve showed a wide range of variation in length from a minimum of 0.73 cm to the maximum of 5.71 cm. Minimum height of anterior cusp was 1.11 cm and maximum height was 3.74 cm. The posterior cusp of mitral valve also showed a wide range in length ranging from 2.15 cm to 9.31 cm. Minimum height of posterior cusp 0.61 cm and maximum height of posterior cusp was 2.55 cm. The length of accessory cusp was 2 cm or less and the height was 0.76-1.02 cm. Discussion: Morphometric study will provide base line data with reference to the severity of the reduction in valvular lumen in cases of stenosis, or in stenosis and in evaluating an operative treatment plan." Area of valves thus calculated is essential information for manufacturing prototype of prosthesis valve