Speed limit determination of fishing boats in confined water based on ship generated waves

Ship generated waves (SGW) can cause bank erosion, disturbance to moored boats and bad impact on the environment especially in confined water. One of the important vessel parameters that will affect the SGW is the speed of the boat. The speed limit determination for fishing boats in confined water will be discussed which can be used as a reference to decide the maximum boat or ship speed. The confined water of Mersing River has been chosen for the current study. This river is a busy river located in Johor in the southeast area of Peninsular Malaysia. The limited speed is needed in this river because the river is restricted to many boat activities. The typical boat particulars in Mersing River are 14.05 m in length, 4.35 m in breadth and 1 m in draft. The field experiment has been conducted with several scenarios considering the speed and tidal conditions. The results of the experiment were used to determine the maximum energy of SGW in this area. By using trendline characteristics, the formula of maximum energy was generated by considering the speed of the boat. The Brisbane River Criteria in Australian River has been selected due to the same characteristic with Mersing River. Hence, the reference for allowable energy was defined in this study. By using this river criteria, the limit of the boat speed was provided for all tidal conditions (ebbing, slack and flooding), and it was found that the allowable speed as the speed limit in the Mersing River is 5 knots. This will reduce bank erosion, disturbance to moored boats, environmental impacts and energy consumption. Moreover, the generating process of the formula can be a reference to get the speed limit at particular area as the river in other areas

Model of Land Cover Change Caused by Toll Road Access Using Cellular Automata in Sumatra Island

The use of land is a part of the fulfillment of human needs. The establishment of a large-scale infrastructure project often triggers an increase in land cover around its infrastructure project. Most of the increase in built up land tends to occur in areas that are traversed by or located near main accessibility routes such as toll roads. Although the construction of toll roads can improve accessibility between regions, land is a limited resource. So that it becomes the basis for researchers to identify the changes in land use in regencies and cities on the island of Sumatra that are crossed by toll roads that have been operating. The goal of land use change analysis is to give a description or explanation, predict, look at the effects, and make a decision (prescription). This research was conducted by identifying the changes in the existing land cover and predicting the land cover using cellular automata. Cellular automata have proven to be a method that is suitable for predicting the dynamics of land use through spatial simulation. The results show that there was an increase in the amount of land built from early 2017 to 2030. The covered land is developed around the toll gate after it is actively operated. In all provinces studied, deviation discrepancies were found in the conservation and cultivation areas. Deviations that occur in conservation areas need to be considered as there should be no land built in these areas, which means that there are cultivation activities in the conservation areas