Development of Surveillance Technique on Database for Forensic Analysis

In this digital era technology is has broaden its roots from our table tops to laptops and now all handheld gadgets from research institute to common house hold work. Due to expansion of digital world, expansion of databases can also be observed very easily. With large volume of data comes the big issue of security.A layman to an enterprise its very crucial to maintain high data security. Like other areas forensic to trace the tampering activity of data

A methodology to price certified emission reduction certificates from clean development mechanism projects

Certified Emission Reduction certificates (CERs) are created by reducing carbon emissions in a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project. Very little CER price information is available to the public, as most of the deals are traded over the counter. The aim of this research is to model the price of CERs from a CDM project. The research methodology comprised of interviews with CDM experts to determine the risk factors influencing CER price and possible valuation methodologies which can be used in pricing CERs from a CDM project. It became evident that while the risk factors influencing CER price are well known, little is known about the impact these factors have on the final price of CERs. The final model developed was based on a combination of cash flow discounting and hedging using theoretical call options. Using a private equity hurdle rate to indicate project risk, forward selling CERs as EUAs to generate future cash flows, and using implied CDM risk, yields an equation for the price of CER. The model was extremely useful in linking the publicly quoted four tier price category by Point Carbon to a percentage of risk associated with a CDM project.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)unrestricte

Production of Bamboo Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Compositewith Nano SiO2 Particles

This paper focus on the process of fiber reinforced composites a significant portion of the paper emphasis the use ofdifferent machine, basic concept introduced in this paper of molding method and pouring of epoxy, hardener and nano silicamixture with hand lay-up technique. This study aims to develop fibre-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites by using handlay-up method. In this work different material used are Epoxy LY556, Hardner HY951, SiO2 nano particle (Particle size60-70nm) and 90 degree bidirectionl wooven bamboo fibre. Sample designated are as A10 ( One layer Babboo fibre,0% SiO2) , A12 (2%SiO2), A14 (4%SiO2),B20 (Two-layer bamboo fibre,0% SiO2), B22(2%SiO2), B24(4%SiO2), C30(three layer bamboo fibre, 0% SiO2),C32(2%SiO2) and C34(4%SiO2). Samples were prepared by handlayup method. Theeffect of various weight percent of SiO2on mechanical property were investigated. The maximum value of tensile strengthwas found for sample C32, higher value of flexural strength was found for sample C32, higher value of izod impact test wasfor sample C32 and maximum value of barcol hardness was for sample B22

Association Rule Mining on Metrological and Remote Sensing Data With Weka Tool

Drought is one of the major environmental disasters in many parts of the world. There are several possibilities of drought monitoring based on ground measurements, hydrological, climatologically and Remote Sensing data. Drought indices that derived by meteorological data and Remote Sensing data have coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Because of the spatial and temporal variability and multiple impacts of droughts, we need to improve the tools and data available for mapping and monitoring this phenomenon on all scales. In this paper we present discovering knowledge by association rules from metrological and Remote Sensing data and we have also used descriptive modeling. For calculating drought taking metrological data which is extract from metrological department of Pune at Maharastra (India) and Remote Sensing data is extract from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Modeling of Dry Conditioned Sliding Wear And Friction Behavior of Heat-Treated Silicon Nitride Strengthened Al Metal Matrix Nanocomposites

In the presented work, the sliding wear under dry conditions and friction behaviour of Si3N4 reinforced high-strength Aluminum alloy (AA)7068 nanocomposites have been investigated under various loads, sliding velocity, and rubbing distances. The fabrication of nanocomposites has been done by using the stir casting technique with the advancement of ultrasonication. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Elemental mapping, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are used to analyze the microstructure of prepared nanocomposites and worn surfaces. The wear resistance improves with the incorporation of Si3N4 particles in Al 7068 alloy and further increases by increasing the weight % of reinforcement. The reinforcement is done by 0.5, 1, and 1.5 % Si3N4 by weight. ANOVA reveals that sliding distance is the most dominating factor in the wear loss of samples, and load became the most influential parameter in the coefficient of friction (COF). Microstructure reveals grain boundaries become discontinued after T6 heat treatment. AMNCs containing 1.5wt.% Si3N4 shows minimum wear loss compared to other nanocomposites and alloys

Development of Nano SiO2 Particles Dispersed Shape Memory Epoxy Composites

Thermo responsive shape memory epoxy based composites are being investigated for their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. In present study the thermosetting epoxy containing different composition of SiO2 nano particles ranging from 1 to 4 wt. % have been prepared through solvent casting route. Developed composites have been studied for grain analysis, FTIR, shape recovery, impact strength and hardness. Addition of 3 wt. % SiO2 improves hardness and impact strength significantly. Average grain size of SiO2 particles increase at higher wt. % of SiO2 in polymer matrix due to agglomeration of nanoparticles

Microbiological Spectrum of Brain Abscess at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: 24-Year Data and Review

Intracranial abscesses are life-threatening infections that pose a diagnostic challenge not only to the neurosurgeon but also to the microbiologists. Detailed studies documenting the spectrum of infecting agents involved in brain abscesses are limited from India. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective analysis of 352 samples from 1987 to 2010 analyzed at a tertiary care hospital in South India from 1987 to 2010, to document the changing trends with time. Results. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 80 years, a larger number of males being affected. Otogenic infections were the most common cause while cryptogenic abscesses were 20%. Gram stain and culture positivity were 78% each. Gram-positive and negative facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes were also on the rise. Unusual organisms, like Burkholderia pseudomallei, Salmonella typhi, Nocardia species, Cladosporium bantiana, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Entamoeba histolytica, and Acanthamoeba were also isolated and/or detected from the brain abscesses aspirate or resected tissue. Summary. New and emerging pathogens associated with brain abscess, especially in immunosuppressed individuals, have renewed the necessity of an early detection, and it will be of great value in appropriate management of patients with brain abscess

An experimental assessment of abrasive wear behavior of GNP/Carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites

This investigation has evaluated the wear properties of Carbon fiber-epoxy/GNP (Graphene Nanoplatelets) composites. In this research, carbon fiber and Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of different weight percentages of GNP (0, 0.1,0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated via compression molding assist hand layup technique. An abrasive wear test has been performed using the Design of experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tables has been used to understand the effect of control parameters (wt.% of filler, normal load, and sliding distance) on response parameters (specific wear rate and friction coefficient). The control variables such as normal loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 N and sliding distances (150, 200, 250, and 300 m) are selected for this study. It has been discovered that adding GNPs reduces the particular wear rate and friction coefficient. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine composites' worn surfaces. The composites with GNPs had lower weight loss, friction coefficient, and wear rate as compared to plain carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy, and these metrics decreased as the percentage of GNPs increased. The analysis concluded that experimental results are closer to optimum results

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

World Peace and World Unity: A Most Emergent Need of the Present and Future

The world peace and world unity are the most embryonic need of the modern society in order to protect our habitat earth. Lots of efforts have been made to ensure the world peace and unity in the past and several international organizations have been made for the purpose. Several meetings of the representatives of different nations have also been organized time to time in the past history as well as in the present time. However still we are very far away from a united world or united earth with peace and prosperity and the risk of war that may be minor aggression between neighboring countries (cold war) or a big war like the world war with use of nuclear/chemical weapons still and always hang over the mankind. Now with technological advancement of the world and development of nuclear and chemical weapons and newly emerging nano engineered and biological weapons which if used for small aggression between countries will greatly pollute the atmosphere on earth and can ruin the whole world and the modern civilization. Due to the development of  these drastic weapons which are highly dangerous to the society and the environment it has become big threat to the life on earth. Therefore, now it has become utmost important to find a solution to counterbalance this problem and hence we need to make potential and innovative efforts for the complete elimination of the war between countries and search for a peaceful solution to resolve the disputes among countries by establishing a powerful international law and order. A critical review of the present and past efforts made by various researchers, peace organizations and societies has been presented here. The key suggestions by various researchers include moving from divided world to unified world, development of world culture system, development of peace-based curriculum, religious harmony, interreligious cooperation, global citizenship etc. It has been concluded that the inner willingness among national and religious leaders of the various countries, religious & cultural organizations and all the human being need to be developed that will surely realize the world peace and world unity. The concept of unified world and powerful international law and order to resolve all the political, religious and other kind of issues and aggressions between countries and religions has to be established