2 research outputs found
Annealing-Induced Changes in the Molecular Orientation of Poly-3-hexylthiophene at Buried Interfaces
The molecular organization at interfaces
of organic semiconducting
materials plays a crucial role in the performance of organic photovoltaics
and field effect transistors. Vibrational sum-frequency generation
(VSFG) was used to characterize the molecular orientation at interfaces
of regioregular poly-3-hexylthiophene (rrP3HT). Polarization-selected
VSFG spectra of the Cî—»C stretch of the thiophene ring yield
the orientation of the conjugated backbone of P3HT, which is directly
relevant to the electronic properties at the interface. The molecular
orientation at buried polymer–substrate interfaces was compared
for films spin-cast on SiO<sub>2</sub> and AlO<sub>X</sub> substrates,
before and after thermal annealing at 145 °C. On SiO<sub>2</sub>, annealing results in the thiophene rings adopting a more edge-on
orientation, tilting away from the surface plane by Δθ
= +(3–10)°. In contrast, an opposite change is observed
for films deposited on AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, Δθ
= −(3–26)°, where annealing leads to a more face-on
orientation of the thiophene rings of the polymer. Although subtle,
such orientational changes may significantly affect the electron transfer
rates across interfaces and hence the overall photovoltaic efficiency
Synergistically Enhanced Performance of Ultrathin Nanostructured Silicon Solar Cells Embedded in Plasmonically Assisted, Multispectral Luminescent Waveguides
Ultrathin silicon
solar cells fabricated by anisotropic wet chemical
etching of single-crystalline wafer materials represent an attractive
materials platform that could provide many advantages for realizing
high-performance, low-cost photovoltaics. However, their intrinsically
limited photovoltaic performance arising from insufficient absorption
of low-energy photons demands careful design of light management to
maximize the efficiency and preserve the cost-effectiveness of solar
cells. Herein we present an integrated flexible solar module of ultrathin,
nanostructured silicon solar cells capable of simultaneously exploiting
spectral upconversion and downshifting in conjunction with multispectral
luminescent waveguides and a nanostructured plasmonic reflector to
compensate for their weak optical absorption and enhance their performance.
The 8 μm-thick silicon solar cells incorporating a hexagonally
periodic nanostructured surface relief are surface-embedded in layered
multispectral luminescent media containing organic dyes and NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sup>3+</sup>,Er<sup>3+</sup> nanocrystals as downshifting
and upconverting luminophores, respectively, <i>via</i> printing-enabled
deterministic materials assembly. The ultrathin nanostructured silicon
microcells in the composite luminescent waveguide exhibit strongly
augmented photocurrent (∼40.1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and energy
conversion efficiency (∼12.8%) than devices with only a single
type of luminescent species, owing to the synergistic contributions
from optical downshifting, plasmonically enhanced upconversion, and
waveguided photon flux for optical concentration, where the short-circuit
current density increased by ∼13.6 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> compared
with microcells in a nonluminescent medium on a plain silver reflector
under a confined illumination