Crystal structure of (E)-N-{2-[2-(4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazin-l-yl]-2-oxoethy1}-p-toluene- sulfonamide

The title acyl­hydrazone derivative, C17H19N3O3S, containing an amino acid moiety and electron-donating substituents attached to both the phenyl rings, crystallized with two independent mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. The mol­ecules are bent at the S atom, with C-SO2-NH-CH2 torsion angles of -67.3 (2) and 67.7 (3)° in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. Further, the dihedral angles between the sulfonyl­glycine segments and the p-toluene­sulfonyl rings are 76.1 (1) and 85.8 (1)° in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. The central hydrazone segments and the toluene rings attached to them are almost co-planar with their mean planes being inclined to one another by 5.2 (2) (mol­ecule A) and 2.9 (2)° (mol­ecule B). The dihedral angles between the benzene rings are 86.83 (12) (mol­ecule A) and 74.00 (14)° (mol­ecule B). In the crystal, the A mol­ecules are linked by a pair of N-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(8) ring motif. The dimers are linked via three N-H...O hydrogen bonds involving the B mol­ecules, forming chains along [100] and enclosing R22(12) and R44(16) ring motifs. The chains are linked via C-H...O hydrogen bonds and a C-H...[pi] inter­action, forming sheets parallel to (010). There is a further C-H...[pi] inter­action and a slipped parallel [pi]-[pi] inter­action [inter-centroid distance = 3.8773 (16) Å] between the sheets, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework

Crystal structure of (E)-N-{2-[2-(3-chlorobenzyl-idene) hydrazinyl]-2-oxoethyl}-4-methylbenzene-sulfonamide monohydrate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H16ClN3O3S·H2O, is L-shaped being bent at the S atom; the S-N-C-C torsion angle is 132.0 (3)°. The central part of the mol­ecule, C-C-N-N=C, is almost linear, with the C-C-N-N and C-N-N=C torsion angles being -174.1 (2) and 176.0 (2)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the p-toluene­sulfonyl ring and the S-N-C-C(=O) segment is 67.5 (4)°, while that between the two aromatic rings is 52.17 (11)°. In the crystal, the water H atom is involved in O-H...O hydrogen bonds with a sulfonamide O atom and the carbonyl O atom. The water O atom is itself hydrogen bonded to both NH hydrogen atoms. These four hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of corrugated sheets lying parallel to (100). There are also weak C-H...O contacts present within the sheets

N-(4-Methyl­phenyl­sulfon­yl)succinamic acid

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C11H13NO5S, the amide C=O and the carboxyl C=O groups of the acid segment orient themselves away from each other. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the amide group is 69.0 (2)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into layers parallel to the bc plane

Crystal structure of(E)N{2[2(3chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-2-oxoethyl}-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide monohydrate

The molecule of the title compound, C16H16ClN3O3SH2O, is L-shaped being bent at the S atom; the S—N—C—C torsion angle is 132.0 (3). The central part of the molecule, C—C—N—N C, is almost linear, with the C—C—N—N and C—N—N C torsion angles being �174.1 (2) and 176.0 (2), respectively. The dihedral angle between the p-toluenesulfonyl ring and the S—N—C—C( O) segment is 67.5 (4), while that between the two aromatic rings is 52.17 (11). In the crystal, the water H atom is involved in O—HO hydrogen bonds with asulfonamide O atom and the carbonyl O atom. The water O atom is itself hydrogen bonded to both NH hydrogen atoms. These four hydrogen bonds lead to the formation of corrugated sheets lying parallel to (100). There are also weak C—HO contacts present within the sheets. 1. Chemi

A Case Study of Water Quality Index of the Bellary Nala, Belgaum, Karnataka, India

Streams which are in many areas serving the basic needs of water, plays a significant role in shaping the environmental and ecological balance of the region through which it flows. Despite of all these versatile contributory roles, knowingly or unknowingly are being used as a dumping site for disposal of municipal and industrial waste waters with intention that streams will take care of these wastes. The main goal of this study was to characterize the combined industrial and municipal wastewater of Bellary Nala in terms of physico-chemical parameters. For this purpose, 10 sampling stations were selected. Parameters analyzed onsite included temperature, pH, turbidity, DO, BOD. Etc. All the collected samples were analyzed as per methods listed in the Standard Methods (APHA, 2005). The Bellary Nala was found significantly contaminated with pollutants and their concentrations were significantly higher as compared to General standards for discharge of Environmental Pollutants: Effluents. The study related to the assessment of water quality parameters of Bellary Nala was carried out to evaluate the various water quality parameters and to calculate water quality index. Keywords: Bellary Nala, physicochemical parameters, pollution, water quality index

The Impact of Land Use on the Surface and Groundwater Quality of Ghataprabha Subbasin

Human activities have modified the environment for thousands of years. Land use and agriculture play a vital role in sustaining the health, nourishment and economy of the world’s population. At the same time, some land use practices can degrade the quality of our soils, waterways, air and other natural resources. Ghataprabha river is one of the major and important river in Kolhapur (Maharashtra) and Belgaum (Karnataka) districts, which has undergone tremendous changes over the last 15–20 years. Therefore, it is essential to know the impact of land use on water quality (both on surface and groundwater). In the present study an attempt is made to monitor the surface and groundwater water quality parameters to determine the impact of land use on the surface and groundwater quality of Ghataprabha Subbasin. Water sampling was done both in the surface water of river and the groundwater sources near the river. The water samples were analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sulphates, chloride, bicarbonates, nitrates, phosphates, fluoride, sodium, potassium using the standard methods recommended in the manuals (APHA, 2005). Land uses in the area significantly affected the concentration of EC, TDS, sulphates, potassium and sodium while pH, dissolved oxygen, chloride, bicarbonates, nitrates, phosphates did not significantly fluctuate with land use changes in the area. To minimize the destruction of hydro-systems and the degradation of their water quality due to land use, multidisciplinary studies are required at the design stage of the project, and an integrated water resources management approach where all users should take an active role in the conservation of Ghataprabha  River catchment in order to avoid further degradation of the catchment through different land uses. Keywords: River Ghataprabha, physicochemical parameters, land use changes, pollutio

Surface Water Quality Assessment of Panchagnaga River and Development of DO-BOD Relationship Using Empirical Approach

Surface water samples were collected from selected locations along river Panchaganga, from Kolhapur to Narsobawadi during April 2019. Physicochemical parameters were determined in the laboratory and chemical mass balance approach was adopted to estimate the individual ionic loads in the river water. Streeter-Phelps equation was applied to derive a relationship between DO and BOD5. Model parameters such as De-oxygenation Rate (Kd) and Re-aeration Rates (Kr ) were optimized using different empirical methods. The result of chemical mass balance showed an increase in the loading of various ions from upstream to downstream which could be attributed to agricultural and industrial wastes that enter the main stream. De-oxygenation rate and re-aeration constants were calculated using various empirical methods. DO sag curve was developed using Streeter Phelp’s model and compared with the observed parameters which showed a significant correlation. DO-BOD concentration observed along the course of the river indicated that the self-purification capacity of the river is high due to which the river regains the lost DO level at a distance less than 50 meters.

Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Characterization of Coastal Aquifers with Special Reference to Submarine Groundwater Discharge in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka, India

In coastal areas of our country, in spite of having excess rainfall (more than 3000 mm), groundwater become a rare commodity during summer. Number of researchers have discussed the issues related to water scarcity of coastal areas where there is a huge pressure on environment due to increased population, tourism, agriculture and industrial growth. Fast depletion of groundwater is also reported in coastal districts due to continuous discharge of direct runoff and also through subterranean flow which is termed as Submarine Groundwater Discharges (SGD). Large quantity of contaminants enter the ocean system through runoff. This necessitated a detailed investigation to understand the hydrological processes involved and the source of contaminants. The present investigation is an attempt to make quantitative and qualitative assessment of SGD based on hydrological, hydrogeological and hydrochemical components. Accordingly, water balance components were evaluated based on hydrological and hydrogeological investigations. Hydrochemical parameters were also evaluated to understand the impact of seawater intrusion in pre and postmonsoon of 2019. Study revealed that, there are signatures of considerable quantity of submarine groundwater discharge in parts of Honnavara, Kumta, Ankola and Karwar talukas. The influence of seawater in coastal aquifers is quite rare all along the coast of Uttara kannada district which is attributed to high groundwater recharge (15-20%) occurring in catchment areas