População negra: o que não é ensinado sobre semiologia dermatológica na pele preta - Um relato de experiência

Introduction: The dermatological literature of semiology usually presents a description of skin injuries from the point of view of white skin, not covering the ways of manifestations in the black population, which represents 55.8% of skin in Brazil. For this reason, many medical students and physicians do not have full knowledge of the subject, making it difficult to identify skin diseases early in the black population. Experience Report: Through IFMSA Brazil, a conversation circle was promoted with the title "Black population: what is NOT taught about dermatological semiology in black skin", which resulted, through a conversation circle, a discussion about the main injuries on black skin and a handout of the same title, responsible for summarize images, description of the lesion, epidemiology and treatment of 10 dermatological diseases in black skin into a document that allowed sharing. The present study is defined as observational, descriptive and retrospective, which portrays the experience of six medical students. The activity was planned and executed in two main sections: conversation circle and handout, which had 4 and 3 stages, respectively. Discussion: The study of black skin is an important and complex topic in the field of dermatology and it is essential to know its biological and adaptable differences in relation to white skin. This makes sure that the future professionals can provide improved, comprehensive and proper care to the Brazilian population. Conclusion: The feedback from the event was positive. It was clear that there’s a lack of treatment in this part of dermatological semiology, showing the need for a more detailed approach to this theme throughout the graduation into the medical field.Introdução: A bibliografia da semiologia dermatológica, em sua grande maioria, apresenta descrição das lesões do ponto de vista da pele branca, não abrangendo as formas de manifestações na da população negra, que representa 55,8% das peles no Brasil. Por essa razão, muitos estudantes de medicina e médicos não possuem um conhecimento pleno sobre o assunto, dificultando a identificação precoce de doenças. Relato de Experiência: Por meio da IFMSA Brazil foi promovida uma roda de conversa com o título "População negra: o que NÃO é ensinado sobre semiologia dermatológica na pele preta", que levantou, através de uma roda de conversa, a discussão sobre as principais lesões apresentadas na pele preta, e uma cartilha de mesmo título, responsável por condensar em um documento passível de compartilhamento imagens, descrição da lesão, epidemiologia e tratamento de 10 doenças dermatológicas na pele preta. O presente estudo se caracteriza como observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo, que retrata a experiência de seis acadêmicos. A atividade foi planejada e executada em dois principais módulos: roda de conversa e cartilha, os quais contaram com 4 e 3 etapas, respectivamente. Discussão: O estudo da pele negra é um tópico importante e complexo no campo da dermatologia, sendo imprescindível conhecer as suas diferenças estruturais, biológicas e funcionais em relação à pele clara. Isso assegura que esses futuros profissionais possam realizar um atendimento aprimorado, adequado e integral à população brasileira. Conclusão: Os feedbacks da ação foram positivos. Ficou evidente quão deficitária é  o tratamento desse contingente da semiologia dermatológica, demonstrando a necessidade da abordagem mais pormenorizada dessa temática ao longo da graduação de Medicina

Congestive Hepatopathy Secondary to Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Related to Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Heart dysfunction and liver disease often coexist. Among the types of cardiohepatic syndrome, Type 2 is characterized by the chronic impairment of cardiac function, leading to chronic liver injury, referred to as congestive hepatopathy (CH). In this study, we aimed to establish a rat model of CH secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) related to monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Three experimental groups were submitted to intraperitoneal MCT inoculation (60 mg/kg) and were under its effect for 15, 30 and 37 days. The animals were then sacrificed, obtaining cardiac and hepatic tissues for anatomopathological and morphometric analysis. At macroscopic examination, the livers in the MCT groups presented a nutmeg-like appearance. PAH produced marked RVH and dilatation in the MCT groups, characterized by a significant increase in right ventricular free wall thickness (RVFWT) and chamber area. At histological evaluation, centrilobular congestion was the earliest manifestation, with preservation of the hepatocytes. Centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis was observed in the groups exposed to prolonged MCT. Sinusoidal dilatation was markedly increased in the MCT groups, quantified by the Sinusoidal Lumen Ratio (SLR). The Congestive Hepatic Fibrosis Score and the Centrilobular Fibrosis Ratio (CFR) were also significantly increased in the MCT30 group. Hepatic atrophy, steatosis, apoptotic bodies and, rarely, hydropic swelling were also observed. SLR correlated strongly with CFR and RVFWT, and CFR correlated moderately with RVFWT. Our rat model was able to cause CH, related to monocrotaline-induced PAH and RVH; it was feasible, reproducible, and safe