29 research outputs found

    Modeling of physical processes in three phase media using deterministic, statistical and probabilistic methods

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    W pracy przedstawiono trzy sposoby formułowania modeli fizycznych: deterministyczny, statystyczny i probabilistyczny. Pokazano na przykładzie modeli odkształceń gleb, że już w momencie formułowania definicji naprężenia i odkształcenia podejmuje się decyzję wyboru aparatu matematycznego.Three methods of formulation of the physical models has been presented.It was shown, for the case of the models of soil deformation, that the mathematical description of the model id chosen at the moment of the definition of stress and strai

    Novaja mikromakhanika deformacijj pochv

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    A new mechanism of soil deformation has been proposed (motion of soil particles and aggregates into pores). The equation for the soil deformation as dependent on time and stress has been obtained for different soils and compared with the experimental data.Zaproponowano nowy mechanizm odkształceń gleb (wnikanie cząstek i agregatów glebowych do porów). Uzyskano metodami probabilistycznymi równanie odkształceń gleby w funkcji czasu i naprężenia i porównano je z danymi eksperymentalnymi.Предложен новый механизм деформаций почв (проникновение частиц и почвенных агрегатов в поры). При использовании вероятностных методов было получено уравнение деформаций почвы в функции времени и напряжения, сопоставимое с экспериментальными данными

    To Be or Not to Be: Environmental Factors that Drive Myelin Formation during Development and after CNS Trauma

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    Oligodendrocytes are specialized glial cells that myelinate central nervous system (CNS) axons. Historically, it was believed that the primary role of myelin was to compactly ensheath axons, providing the insulation necessary for rapid signal conduction. However, mounting evidence demonstrates the dynamic importance of myelin and oligodendrocytes, including providing metabolic support to neurons and regulating axon protein distribution. As such, the development and maintenance of oligodendrocytes and myelin are integral to preserving CNS homeostasis and supporting proper functioning of widespread neural networks. Environmental signals are critical for proper oligodendrocyte lineage cell progression and their capacity to form functional compact myelin; these signals are markedly disturbed by injury to the CNS, which may compromise endogenous myelin repair capabilities. This review outlines some key environmental factors that drive myelin formation during development and compares that to the primary factors that define a CNS injury milieu. We aim to identify developmental factors disrupted after CNS trauma as well as pathogenic factors that negatively impact oligodendrocyte lineage cells, as these are potential therapeutic targets to promote myelin repair after injury or disease

    Glutamatergic Regulation of Remyelination After Spinal Cord Injury

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    Poster Division: Biological Sciences: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)A five-year embargo was granted for this item

    Srezyvanie i uplotnenie trekhfaznykh materialov

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    Three-phase media are characterized by distinct solid grains, particles or fibres and a considerable porosity with rather weak bonding between solid elements, created usually by water end electrical phenomena in grain contacts. Therefore, they exhibit rather high volumetric strains in every deformation process. They are named granular or particulate materials sometimes. During compaction the number of contact points of solid elements increases, which causes a change in the effective properties of the material (e.g. strength), whereas in shearing the bonds between these grains can undergo reversible or irreversible changes. As the both processes cause different effects and they can be found as the components of every loading programme except the pure shearing and isotropic pressing, it is reasonable to consider them separately. Different theoretical approaches to the problem of separation of compaction and shearing have been presented and discussed.W procesach zagęszczania materiałów trójfazowych wzrasta ilość kontaktów ziarn (elementów fazy stałej), co powoduje zmianę właściwości materiału (np. wytrzymałość). Ponieważ zagęszczanie i ścinanie powoduje różne efekty i obydwa te procesy występują razem w każdym wypadku działania sił na glebę za wyjątkiem czystego ścinania i izotropowego ściskania, więc zostały one w pracy potraktowane oddzielnie. Przedyskutowano problemy rozdzielania deformacji gleby na część opisującą ścinanie oraz drugą część opisującą zagęszczanie.В процессам уплотнения трехфазных материалов растет количество контактов зерен (элементов твердой фазы), что вызывает изменение свойств материала (нпр прочности). Так как уплотнение и срезывание вызывает разные эффекты и оба этих процесса отмечаются вместе в каждом случае действия сил на почву, за исключением чистого среза и изотропного сжима, они были в работе рассмотрены отдельно. Продискутировано проблемы деления деформации почвы на часть, описывающую срез, и вторую часть, описывающую уплотнение

    Scanning optical and electron microscopes with computer image acquisition

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    Metodicheskie aspekty konstrukcii pochvennykh penetrometrov, primenijaemykh dlja uplotnenija pochvy

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    The problem of the influence of different parameters on the soil penetration resistance has been discussed. It has been stated that at least ten variables affect the measured values, and that makes the comparison of the results difficult. The influence of all parameters has been discussed.Przedyskutowano zagadnienie wpływu różnych czynników na opór penetracji stożka w glebie. Stwierdzono, że co najmniej dziewięć czynników wpływa na mierzone wartości co powoduje, że wyniki pomiarów nie mogą być łatwo porównywalne. Dlatego problem wartości naukowej pomiarów penetrometrycznych wymaga krytycznego przeglądu.В статье обсуждается влияние разных факторов на сопротивление пенетрации конуса в почве. Установлено, что по крайней мере 9 факторов влияет на измеряемые значения, вследствие чего результаты изерений не могут легко сопоставляться. Поэтому вопрос научной достоверности пенетрометрических измерений требует критического подхода

    Inspiracje Hamana w kierunku rozwoju nauk agrofizycznych

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    W pracy przedstawiono badania prowadzone w Instytucie Agrofizyki PAN pod kierunkiem Profesora Janusza Hamana w wyniku współpracy z Wydziałem Techniki Rolniczej AR w Lublinie. Badania te zmierzają do sformułowania wspólnej mechaniki dla ośrodków biologicznych pochodzenia rolniczego.The most important for the development of agrophysical research seems to be the following thesis of Professor Haman: "All of the objects and materials we deal with in agricultural sciences are nonuniform and three-phases (gas + liquid + solid phase) and all three phases evidently take part in the process of deformation and the equations that describe it". Prof. Haman very often stressed the role of the filtration processes rate of liquids and gases responsible for volumetric and structure deformations of the solid phase, which had decided of shearing deformations. Most of the research, carried out since founding the Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, had been inspired by Prof. Haman. He had directed the research towards using the physical knowledge to explain the phenomena of creeping and deformation of biological materials. It allowed us to step away from the classic mechanics of continuous objects. It also made it possible to create discrete theoretical and experimental methods, which are adequate for these extremely complex deformative bodies

    Confocal microscopy for investigations of agricultural materials

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