Oncolytic Viral Nanoparticles: A Combination Of Targeted And Immunotherapeutic Approach For Cancer Treatment: A Review

Human health and survival have always been seriously threatened by cancer. Although surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy could improve the  survival rate of cancer patients, most patients with chronic cancer have a poor survival rate or cannot afford the high cost of treatment. The development of oncolytic viruses provides us with a new technique for treating or even curing malignant cancers. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have gained interest as a potential approach in cancer therapy because of their potential to selectively infect and destroy tumor cells, without affecting healthy cells . They also work against cancer by releasing immunostimulatory chemicals from dead cancer cells. Oncolytic virotherapy, like other anticancer therapies, has various limitations, including viral transport to the target, tumor mass penetration, and antiviral immune responses. Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained a lot of interest in clinical studies because of their distinctive appearance characteristics. However they have encountered challenges due to the inefficiency of drug delivery to the tissue of interest and their dispersion in bloodstream. In this scenario, various chemical alterations can be employed to the nanoparticle surfaces to boost their efficacy in drug delivery. To improve the functioning of these two therapeutic methods, the sophisticated technique of OVs encapsulated with nanoparticles can be employed, which has shown significant therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of various malignancies. This review focuses on the clinical advancements of oncolytic viruses and nanoparticles in cancer therapy and their combinational effects on tumor cells. This review also provides insight into the future prospects by assessing both the advantages and disadvantages of nano-based oncolytic virotherapy

Exosomal RNA: Interplay and Therapeutic Potential

Exosomal RNA has emerged as a crucial mediator of intercellular communication, enabling the transfer of genetic information between cells. This intricate signaling system holds great promise for unraveling complex cellular processes and advancing therapeutic applications. This review provides an in-depth examination of the current state of knowledge regarding exosomal RNA, emphasizing its role in intercellular signaling and its relevance to various physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, we explore the potential therapeutic applications that leverage exosomal RNA, opening new avenues for innovative treatments across diverse medical domains. The nuanced interplay of exosomal RNA presents a fertile ground for further investigation and application, promising advancements in both fundamental biology and clinical interventions