Numerical Analysis of Entropy Generation of MHD Casson Fluid Flow Through an Inclined Plate with Soret Effect

In this present study, entropy generation for an unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow through an oscillating inclined plate is investigated. Here, along with reaction by chemical and thermal radiation incorporation of Soret effect is also analysed. The solution of the equation which governs the flow problem are obtained by finite difference method (FDM). The features of flow velocity, concentration and temperature are analyzed by designing graphs and their physical behaviour is reviewed in details to study the impact of different parameters on the fluid problem. The skin friction, the rate of heat and mass transfer of the fluid problem also has significant impact under the influence of the parameters. The results indicate that Soret effect and other parameters has considerable impact on an unsteady MHD casson fluid and on the total entropy due to heat transfer and flow friction

MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF AN IRREGULAR RAILWAY TRACK SYSTEM FOR COMPUTATION OF CRITICAL VELOCITY FOR LIMITING VERTICAL ACCELERATION

The irregularity in the railway tracks is a very common topic of interest among the researchers in recent times. The trains run on the tracks with very high velocities to meet the demands of the passengers. But due to the unevenness of the track, the body of the train car faces vertical accelerations, which in turn causes discomfort to the passengers sitting inside the train car. In the present report, vertical acceleration is analyzed for uneven tracks by taking the car body as a single degree of freedom model. The investigation shows a clear explanation of the critical velocity values for the train, so as to maintain the passenger comfort conditions. Random sinusoidal curves were generated using MATLAB to analyze the random unevenness of the track. It is observed that the vertical accelerations in the car body are directly proportional to the speed of the train. Finally, a critical velocity is proposed for a train running on uneven sinusoidal profile track such that, the vertical acceleration not exceeding 0.2g

MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF AN IRREGULAR RAILWAY TRACK SYSTEM FOR COMPUTATION OF CRITICAL VELOCITY FOR LIMITING VERTICAL ACCELERATION

The irregularity in the railway tracks is a very common topic of interest among the researchers in recent times. The trains run on the tracks with very high velocities to meet the demands of the passengers. But due to the unevenness of the track, the body of the train car faces vertical accelerations, which in turn causes discomfort to the passengers sitting inside the train car. In the present report, vertical acceleration is analyzed for uneven tracks by taking the car body as a single degree of freedom model. The investigation shows a clear explanation of the critical velocity values for the train, so as to maintain the passenger comfort conditions. Random sinusoidal curves were generated using MATLAB to analyze the random unevenness of the track. It is observed that the vertical accelerations in the car body are directly proportional to the speed of the train. Finally, a critical velocity is proposed for a train running on uneven sinusoidal profile track such that, the vertical acceleration not exceeding 0.2g

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Not AvailableA field study was conducted from 0 to 360 days to investigate the effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on the accumulation of major micronutrients (copper: Cu, manganese: Mn, and zinc: Zn) in soil, their uptake by tea plant (clone: S.3 A/3) and level of contamination in soil due to TPLBC. To evaluate the level of contamination due to TPLBC, a soil pollution assessment was carried out using the geo-accumulation index ( ), enrichment factor ( ), contamination factor ( ), potential ecological risk factor ( ), individual contamination factor ( ), and risk assessment code ( ). The total content of Cu, Mn, and Zn gradually increased with increasing doses of TPLBC at 0D, and then decreased with time. The fractionation of the three micronutrients in soil changed after the application of TPLBC. The contamination risk assessment of soil for Cu, Mn, and Zn based on the , , , , and suggested that the application of TPLBC does not have any adverse effect on soil. Except for Mn, the bioconcentration and translocation factors were less than one for Cu and Zn. Results from this study revealed that the application of 400 kg TPLBC ha−1 is significantly better than the other treatments for Cu, Mn, and Zn at a 5% level of significance.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableEffect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) content in made tea and successive tea infusions were investigated in a greenhouse experiment with two tea cultivars (TV23 and S.3A/3). Made tea prepared from TV23 and S.3A/3 clone, a decrease in the concentration of As, Cd, and Cr by 36.73%, 16.22%, 13.96%, and 36.63%, 27.78%, 10.54%, respectively over control on the application of the highest dose of TPLBC (500 kg TPLBC ha)Not Availabl

Tea pruning litter biochar amendment in soil reduces arsenic, cadmium, and chromium in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion: A safe drink for tea consumers

Effect of tea pruning litter biochar (TPLBC) on arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) content in made tea and successive tea infusions were investigated in a greenhouse experiment with two tea cultivars (TV23 and S.3A/3). Made tea prepared from TV23 and S.3A/3 clone, a decrease in the concentration of As, Cd, and Cr by 36.73%, 16.22%, 13.96%, and 36.63%, 27.78%, 10.54%, respectively over control on the application of the highest dose of TPLBC (500 kg TPLBC ha− 1 ). Irrespective of treatments, studied element concentrations were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the first infusion and lower in the third. Considering Ten g made tea consumption per person per day, the maximum average daily intakes of As, Cd and Cr in a higher dose of TPLBC were far below the tolerable weekly intake prescribed by the World Health Organization. As hazard quotient values of selected elements were ≪ 1, no significant adverse health consequences are expected for tea consumer

Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020

Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020