127 research outputs found
Molecular simulation study of the heat capacity of metastable water between 100K and 300K
Molecular simulation study of the heat capacity of metastable water between
100K and 300K Molecular simulations have been used to study the heat capacity
of metastable liquid water at low temperature adsorbed on a smooth surface.
These calculations aim at modelling water properties measured by experiments
performed on water films adsorbed on Vycor nanoporous silica at low
temperature. In particular, the study focuses on the non-monotonous variation
of the heat capacity around between 100 and 300 K
Adsorption-Induced Deformation of a Nanoporous Material: Influence of the Fluid-Adsorbent Interaction and Surface Freezing on the Pore-Load Modulus Measurement
Liquid adsorption in nanoporous materials induces their deformation due to
strong capillary forces. The linear relationship between the liquid pressure
and the solid strain (pore-load modulus) provides an experimental technique to
determine the mechanical properties of nanosized solids. Puzzling experimental
results have often been reported, leading to a severe reconsideration of the
mechanical properties of the thin walls, the introduction of surface stresses,
and the suggestion of a mutual influence of fluid adsorption and matrix
deformation. This work presents a molecular simulation examination of the
fundamentals of the pore-load measurement technique. The pore-load protocol is
reproduced as in experiments by measuring the solid deformation in presence of
the liquid ("numerical experiment"), and the result is compared to the expected
mechanical response of the solid. Focusing on a single nanoplatelet mimicking
silicon stiffness, we show that the pore-load protocol is valid as long as the
liquid in the pores remains liquid. However, when an ordered layer can form at
the solid surface, it significantly affects the pore-load measurement. It is
shown that this may happen above the freezing point even for moderately strong
fluid-solid interactions. This observation could help for the interpretation of
experimental data, in particular in porous silicon, where the expected presence
of atomically smooth surfaces could favor the formation of highly ordered fluid
layers
Effect of the reservoir size on gas adsorption in inhomogeneous porous media
We study the influence of the relative size of the reservoir on the
adsorption isotherms of a fluid in disordered or inhomogeneous mesoporous
solids. We consider both an atomistic model of a fluid in a simple, yet
structured pore, whose adsorption isotherms are computed by molecular
simulation, and a coarse-grained model for adsorption in a disordered
mesoporous material, studied by a density functional approach in a local
mean-field approximation. In both cases, the fluid inside the porous solid
exchanges matter with a reservoir of gas that is at the same temperature and
chemical potential and whose relative size can be varied, and the control
parameter is the total number of molecules present in the porous sample and in
the reservoir. Varying the relative sizes of the reservoir and the sample may
change the shape of the hysteretic isotherms, leading to a "reentrant" behavior
compared to the grand-canonical isotherm when the latter displays a jump in
density. We relate these phenomena to the organization of the metastable states
that are accessible for the adsorbed fluid at a given chemical potential or
density.Comment: 16 page
WIMP searches with superheated droplet detectors: Status and Prospects
SIMPLE (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLE searches) employs
superheated droplet detectors (SDDs) to search for Weakly Interacting Massive
Particle (WIMP) dark matter. As a result of the intrinsic SDD insensitivity to
minimum ionizing particles and high fluorine content of target liquids,
competitive WIMP limits were already obtained at the early prototype stage. We
comment here on the expected immediate increase in sensitivity of the program
and on future plans to exploit this promising technnique.Comment: 6 pages LaTeX, incl. 2 figures. Presented at the 3rd Intl. Workshop
for the Identification of Dark Matter (IDM2000), York, Sept. 200
First Results of the Phase II SIMPLE Dark Matter Search
We report results of a 14.1 kgd measurement with 15 superheated droplet
detectors of total active mass 0.208 kg, comprising the first stage of a 30 kgd
Phase II experiment. In combination with the results of the neutron-spin
sensitive XENON10 experiment, these results yield a limit of |a_p| < 0.32 for
M_W = 50 GeV/c2 on the spin-dependent sector of weakly interacting massive
particle-nucleus interactions with a 50% reduction in the previously allowed
region of the phase space formerly defined by XENON, KIMS and PICASSO. In the
spin-independent sector, a limit of 2.3x10-5 pb at M_W = 45 GeV/c2 is obtained.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; PRL-accepted version with corrected SI contour
(Fig. 4
The SIMPLE Phase II Dark Matter Search
Phase II of SIMPLE (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLe Experiments)
searched for astroparticle dark matter using superheated liquid
CClF droplet detectors. Each droplet generally requires an energy
deposition with linear energy transfer (LET) 150 keV/m for a
liquid-to-gas phase transition, providing an intrinsic rejection against
minimum ionizing particles of order 10, and reducing the backgrounds to
primarily and neutron-induced recoil events. The droplet phase
transition generates a millimetric-sized gas bubble which is recorded by
acoustic means. We describe the SIMPLE detectors, their acoustic
instrumentation, and the characterizations, signal analysis and data selection
which yield a particle-induced, "true nucleation" event detection efficiency of
better than 97% at a 95% C.L. The recoil- event discrimination,
determined using detectors first irradiated with neutrons and then doped with
alpha emitters, provides a recoil identification of better than 99%; it differs
from those of COUPP and PICASSO primarily as a result of their different
liquids with lower critical LETs. The science measurements, comprising two
shielded arrays of fifteen detectors each and a total exposure of 27.77 kgd,
are detailed. Removal of the 1.94 kgd Stage 1 installation period data, which
had previously been mistakenly included in the data, reduces the science
exposure from 20.18 to 18.24 kgd and provides new contour minima of
= 4.3 10 pb at 35 GeV/c in the
spin-dependent sector of WIMP-proton interactions and = 3.6
10 pb at 35 GeV/c in the spin-independent sector. These
results are examined with respect to the fluorine spin and halo parameters used
in the previous data analysis.Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures; accepted Physical Review
Final Analysis and Results of the Phase II SIMPLE Dark Matter Search
We report the final results of the Phase II SIMPLE measurements, comprising
two run stages of 15 superheated droplet detectors each, the second stage
including an improved neutron shielding. The analyses includes a refined signal
analysis, and revised nucleation efficiency based on reanalysis of
previously-reported monochromatic neutron irradiations. The combined results
yield a contour minimum of \sigma_{p} = 4.2 x 10^-3 pb at 35 GeV/c^2 on the
spin-dependent sector of WIMP-proton interactions, the most restrictive to date
from a direct search experiment and overlapping for the first time results
previously obtained only indirectly. In the spin-independent sector, a minimum
of 3.6 x 10^-6 pb at 35 GeV/c^2 is achieved, with the exclusion contour
challenging the recent CoGeNT region of current interest.Comment: revised, PRL-accepted version with slightly weakened limit contour
Prospects for SIMPLE 2000: A large-mass, low-background Superheated Droplet Detector for WIMP searches
SIMPLE 2000 (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLE searches) will
consist of an array of eight to sixteen large active mass ( g)
Superheated Droplet Detectors(SDDs) to be installed in the new underground
laboratory of Rustrel-Pays d'Apt. Several factors make of SDDs an attractive
approach for the detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs),
namely their intrinsic insensitivity to minimum ionizing particles, high
fluorine content, low cost and operation near ambient pressure and temperature.
We comment here on the fabrication, calibration and already-competitive first
limits from SIMPLE prototype SDDs, as well as on the expected immediate
increase in sensitivity of the program, which aims at an exposure of 25
kg-day during the year 2000. The ability of modest-mass fluorine-rich detectors
to explore regions of neutralino parameter space beyond the reach of the most
ambitious cryogenic projects is pointed out.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures included. New Journal of Physics, in pres
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