Water wave analysis of Sava in Šentjakob

Graduation thesis presents theoretical hydrograph basis and graphical separation methods. The practical part includes water wave analysis on river Sava in Šentjakob.\ud \ud In the first part the hydrograph, its components, characteristics and parameters are presented. The presented shape of hydrograph is equally important for water management projects as any other characteristic parameters of the hydrograph. There is also the explanation of base flow, its presentation and characteristics. The most important statistical base flow characteristic is the event base flow index, which provides a means to assess base flow contributions to stream flow events. Initial base flow is also as an index to runoff volume. Furthermore, graphical methods of base flow separation on simple and complex hydrographs are listed and described. The following narrative describes water wave analysis of Sava in Šentjakob. For the selected hydrological station and longer time period, main water wave parameters were determined: peak, volume and duration. Associations among water wave characteristics and impact of each addressed graphical methods of base flow separation on those relationships were analysed.\u

Prirodna rješenja za integrirano lokalno upravljanje vodama

Nature-based solutions (NBS) imitate natural processes and serve to generate multi-benefit values and services to the local communities. Sustainable solutions are multi-purpose measures implemented at the site, and offer communities targeted environmental water-related solutions in wastewater treatment, water retention, and pollution mitigation that result in a climate-resilient landscape. Numerous good cases combine NBS for environmental pollution mitigation, prevention, and management. They can be implemented and managed locally, and are stimulated as zero-emission and climate-resilient technology. The main areas of intervention where NBS is best applied are agricultural run-off mitigation (constructed ecosystems), wastewater and leachate treatment (constructed wetlands), revitalisation of standing water bodies (floating wetlands), stormwater retention measures (rain gardens), and nutrient reuse (sludge drying reed beds). A new report by the Sustainable sanitation Task Force (active in Global Water Partnership Central and Eastern Europe) on NBS in wastewater treatment indicates a moderate improvement in NBS application, but also relevant progress in engineering knowledge and innovation. It also estimates the application of several NBS treatment technologies for rural sanitation improvement and water reuse potentials.Rješenja temeljena na prirodi (NBS) oponašaju prirodne procese i služe stvaranju višestruko korisnih vrijednosti i usluga lokalnim zajednicama. Održiva rješenja su višenamjenske mjere koje se provode na samoj lokaciji, a zajednicama nude ciljana ekološka rješenja vezana uz pročišćavanje otpadnih voda, retenciju voda i ublažavanje onečišćenja koja doprinose postizanju klimatski otpornih krajobraza. Postoje brojni pozitivnih slučajevi primjena NBS-a za ublažavanje, prevenciju i upravljanje onečišćenjem okoliša. Ta se rješenja mogu implementirati i upravljati lokalno, imaju nultu stopu emisije i doprinose klimatskoj otpornosti. Područja u kojima se NBS rješenja najbolje primjenjuju su ublažavanje poljoprivrednog otjecanja (izgrađeni ekosustavi), obrada otpadnih i procjednih voda (izgrađena močvarna područja), revitalizacija stajaćih vodnih tijela (plutajuće močvare), mjere zadržavanja oborinskih voda (kišni vrtovi) i ponovna uporaba hranjivih tvari (sušenje mulja na trski). Novo izvješće organizacije Global Water Partnership Sanitation Task Force o primjeni NBS-a ukazuje na umjereno poboljšanje primjene NBS-a u pročišćavanju otpadnih voda uz znatan napredak u inženjerskom znanju i inovacijama. Također procjenjuje primjenu potencijala nekoliko NBS tehnologija za poboljšanje sanitarnih uvjeta u ruralnim sredinama i ponovljenu uporabu voda

Some Peculiarities of Slovenian Translation of an Italian Comic Alan Ford

Magistrska naloga Nekaj posebnosti slovenskega prevoda italijanskega stripa Alan Ford obravnava tematiko prevajanja stripov. Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika (SSKJ, spletna izdaja, geslo »strip«) opredeljuje strip kot zgodbo, prikazano »z zaporedjem slik in z besedilom navadno v oblačkih«. Sprva je t. i. deveta umetnost veljala za trivialno, a kaj kmalu so strokovnjaki v njem začeli prepoznavati mnoge posebnosti in vrednosti. Prav te je moč zaznati tudi ob branju delov stripovske vohunske serije o Alanu Fordu in ekipi T.N.T. in z vidika soočanja se z nekaterimi kulturnimi, jezikovnimi in tehničnimi posebnosti ter izbora prevajalskih vsebin, se te začuti tudi v prevedeni verziji v slovenščino. V uvodnem delu magistrskega dela so predstavljeni razlogi za izbor teme, cilji, hipoteze in metodologija. Raziskovalno vprašanje, na katerem temelji celotna magistrska naloga, se glasi: »Je lahko strip uspešno preveden, torej skladno z ciljnim jezikom in kulturo, samo z vpeljevanjem kulturnih, jezikovnih in tehničnih sprememb, tako na lingvistični kot na vizualni ravni, ali bi lahko deloval tudi brez njih?« Iz tega vprašanja sledijo tudi sledeče hipoteze: 1. Na lingvistični ravni besedila je obvezna uporaba različnih prevajalskih strategij za prevod, ki je skladen s ciljnim jezikom. 2. Z obzirom, da gre za stripovsko serijo, ki se odvija v drugi državi (v Združenih državah Amerike), se slovenskemu prevajalcu ni potrebno spopasti z veliko kulturnimi težavami. Teh bi bilo verjetno več, če bi bil kraj dogajanja junakov država začetne kulture (Italija). 3. Ker se navadno prevaja zgolj jezikovni del, v prevodu ni zaznati sprememb risb ali oblačkov, ne glede na to, da je vizualni del stripa zelo odvisen od besedila. Raziskava, ki je empirično-analitičnega tipa, je potekala po sledečem zaporedju: pregled raziskav, člankov in drugega gradiva ter njihovo preučevanjeoblikovanje teoretskega, opisnega dela magistrske nalogeanaliza stripa Ekipa T.N.T. v italijanskem in slovenskem jeziku ter izbor primerovoblikovanje praktičnega, empiričnega dela magistrske naloge ter podajanje zaključnih ugotovitev. V teoretičnem opisnem delu naloge je najprej podana opredelitev stripa kot literarne vrste, prav tako pa so tudi predstavljene njegove različne definicije in poimenovanja, vizualne ter verbalne posebnosti in njegov razvoj skozi čas. Drugi del teoretičnega poglavja je namenjen prevajanju in še posebno prevajanju stripov. Prevod, oziroma »traductio« v latinščini, pomeni prenašanje z ene strani na drugo, zato je prevajalec iz tega razloga za mnoge v metaforičnem smislu personifikacija mostu, ki povezuje med sabo dve različni strani oz. kulturi in s tem dva različna jezika. Med strokovnjaki s prevajalskega področja v zadnjem obdobju prevladuje dejstvo, da prevajalec ne prevajala vsake besede posamezno, ampak prevajala sporočilo kot celoto. Prav to pa je izrednega pomena tudi pri prevajanju stripov, kjer besedilo in s tem tudi njegova vsebina delujeta v simbiozi z risbo oz. vizualnim delom pasic. Prevajalci stripov se morajo spopasti z različnimi težavami, kot so: humor, poseben jezik in besedišče, besedne igre, posnemovalne besede in nenazadnje tudi točno določen prostor za besedilo znotraj risbe in oblačka. Iz tega razloga so strokovnjaki, kot Rota, Celotti, Valero Garcés in Kaindl, razvili različne prevajalske strategije, katerih se prevajalci radi poslužujejo. Predzadnji del opisnega poglavja pa je posvečen sami seriji stripov o Alanu Fordu in ekipi T.N.T. tako v italijanski izdaji in pa kasnejšem prevodu v slovenščino. Lucciano Secchi (Max Bunker) in Roberto Raviola (Magnus) sta v začetku sedemdesetih let združila moči in oblikovala satirično serijo stripov, ki je pot do slovenskih bralcev našla najprej preko hrvaškega prevoda Nenada Brxya za čas bivše Jugoslavije in nato še v devetdesetih letih preko slovenskega prevoda Branka Gradišnika. Prav slednjemu je na koncu tega drugega poglavja tudi prepuščena beseda. S pomočjo članka, ki ga je Branko Gradišnik napisal in izdal v 25. prevajalskem zborniku je predstavljen njegov pogled na prevajanje stripov, kot tudi nekaj dejstev o njegovem prevodu Alana Forda. V empiričnem praktičnem delu magistrske naloge so predstavljeni konkretni primeri, ki so opremljeni z analizo in razlago. Namen tega poglavja ni grajati ali hvaliti delo prevajalca, ampak predstaviti težave, s katerimi se je moral soočiti, in odločitve, postopke in cilje, ki jih je pri svojem delu izbral. Primeri so razdeljeni na podpoglavja, ki se delijo na: jezikovne, kulturne in tehnične težave ter prevajalske strategije, ki služijo za njihovo premostitevposebnosti posnemovalnih besedin vpliv konteksta in vizualnega dela na samo prevajanje. V zadnjem delu pa so prikazani primeri pasic, za katere obstajajo dve verziji slovenskega prevoda in prav ti prikazujejo, kako se lahko prevajalske strategije, kot tudi cilji in odločitve spreminjajo skozi čas. V zaključku so povzete splošne ugotovitve in predstavljeni rezultati začetnih hipotez. Odgovor na začetno raziskovalno vprašanje, ali je lahko strip uspešno preveden samo z vpeljevanjem različnih sprememb, je pritrdilen, saj so prat te nujne v vseh aspektih. Prav tako ima pozitiven rezultat prva hipoteza, ki pravi, da je na jezikovni ravni obvezna uporaba različnih prevajalskih strategij za prevod, ki bo skladen s ciljnim jezikom, saj obstaja mnogo besednih izrazov in besednih iger, ki jih ne moremo neposredno prevesti, ampak jih moramo prilagodi ciljnemu jeziku. Nasproten je rezultat druge hipoteze, ki trdi, da se slovenskemu prevajalcu ne bo potrebno spopasti z veliko kulturnimi težavami, saj gre za stripovsko serijo, ki se odvija v Združenih državah Amerike in ne v Italiji (torej je že v izhodiščni verziji prisotno tuje kulturno okolje). V pasicah je prisoten humor in mnoge posnemovalne besede, ki so vezane specifično na italijansko kulturo in so brezpredmetne za slovenske bralce, kot tudi razni izrazi, zgodovinsko in geografsko zaznamovali, intertekstualni vložki, idiomatske formule ter specifična poimenovanja. Tudi tretja hipoteza ni potrjena, saj se zaradi napisov, posnemovalnih besed in tudi same kvantitete jezikovnih elementov v nekaterih predmetih spreminja risba, kot tudi oblika in velikost oblačkov. Ostalo je neraziskanih še veliko aspektov, ki služijo kot vzpodbuda za nadaljnje raziskave na področju prevajanja stripov.Alan Ford is an Italian comic which was designed by Lucciano Secchi (Max Bunker) and Roberto Raviola (Magnus) in the seventies. After two decades, in the nineties, the describing the adventures of a group of secret agents reached the Slovenian audience in translations by Branko Gradišnik. He as well as other comic translators in general has had to deal with different special cases such as linguistic, cultural, technical and other to be able to deliver a comic in tune with the Slovenian language and culture to Slovenian to the readers. Some of the cases are presented in this master’s degree with the purpose of showing the importance of certain translation strategies in the translation of comics. This paper is divided into two main parts. The first, descriptive part presents a comic as a literary genre and its characteristics, includes translation as a literary phenomenon and focuses more specifically on the translation of comics and it also delivers a description of the comic Alan Ford in the Italian and Slovenian version. The second, empirical part on the other hand, includes the presentation and the analysis of examples divided for the difficulties by language, culture and design. Furthermore, it shows examples of onomatopoeias and how personal translation choices can change over time

Rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for grapevine yellows phytoplasmas on crude leaf-vein homogenate has the same performance as qPCR

A fluorescence-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for ‘Candidatus Phytoplasama solani’ (Bois noir phytoplasmaBNp) detection was developed and optimised for rapid laboratory and on-site BNp detection. This assay is highly specific, rapid and as sensitive as qPCR. It was validated according to European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation recommendations. In addition, 286 grapevine leaf samples from the 2015 growing season were tested with this new real-time LAMP assay and an assay previously developed for detection of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp). These LAMP assays for detection of both BNp and FDp used without any DNA extraction step, which is a required step for qPCR analysis, were comparably effective to qPCR, and positive results were obtained in less than 35 min

Student performance study: the outcomes of metabolic, molecular and physical-chemical characterization of intestinal tract microbiome on a four mammalian species model

Many environmental factors influence the structure of microbial communities, their activity and properties of the environment of the digestive tract. Contrary to constant disturbances, the system provides the basis for energy conversion and thus the long-term stable coexistence of different hosts and their specific intestinal microbiota over geological timescales. Since the methodological approaches proved to be the largest source of systematic errors in comparisons of microbial communities among different organisms of the same species or between different species, we tested a number of methods on samples from different species of mammals in order to verify the feasibility of this approach for future routine analysis of microbiomes:(i) analyses of physical-chemical parameters;(ii)the metabolic properties of attached, planktonic fractions in comparison to the total;(iii)structure of microbial communities of bacteria and archaea; (iv)data analysis. We used a model of intestinal samples from four species of mammals, encompassing the differences between the various types of intestinal tracts: ruminants and rodents (such as pre- and post- peptic fermentors), omnivores and carnivores. The second purpose of the study was to(i)assess the extent of spread of data due to the cooperation of the various operators on the data obtained, and(ii) to evaluate the skills of the students to carry out industry-oriented investigations and measurements in 1st year of MSc study Microbiology; and(iii) to promote awareness of the importance of routine laboratory work day and the corresponding duties. The results suggest(i)that the operators independently organized and shared tasks;(ii)successfully completed all methods;(iii)obtain relevant information;(iv)critically evaluated and interpreted within the extent of their knowledge;(v) that relative standard deviation(RSD) typically could be compared to those of the automated analytical procedures(<10 %) and therefore represented the maximum extent of the variability of the biological material itself. It follows that the motivated MSc students were able to uphold the unknown protocols under supervision and perform laboratory and analytical complex experimental task, process and interpret results, and approximate performance of analytical procedures in industrial laboratories to generate data sets of acceptable high-quality

Zlikovci 13

Študij likovne umetnosti in tudi kiparstva ni zgolj ukvarjanje s produkcijo, tisto obstoječo in lastno, temveč je neprestani komentar. Sodobna umetnost nasploh ni več “lepa umetnost” ampak predvsem komentar. Zato se zdi logično, da je razstavljanje prav to, če je le živo, zdravo in recimo budno. Zakaj študent-ka v zadnjem letniku študija opusti vse, kar je naredil-a do trenutka, ko je dobil-a priliko za samostojno razstavljanje in želi narediti vse na novo? Zato, ker ni pripravljen-a samo ob strani stati. Zadnjih štirideset dni je bilo zelo aktivnih. Delali smo razstavo in vse kar sodi zraven, ne “stvari za oceno”. To je pomembno vedeti