Design and Study of the Energy­efficient Unified Apparatuses for Energy­technological Manufacturing

The improved industrial sample of the rotor-pulse heat generator (RPH), integrated into the thermal heating systems of industrial buildings, was produced. Rotor-pulse generators do not occupy significant positions in the market of heating equipment because of the lack of reliable data on effectiveness of the use of such equipment in the thermal heating systems of industrial facilities.The design of the developed cavitation chamber was changed, parameters of the channels, located between the rotor and the stator, were determined. It was found that the optimal width of the gap between the rotor and the stator channels at maximum efficiency of 0.7 was 8–10 mm. When integrating the cavitation chamber of the RPH into the thermal system, the design of the heat exchanger "pipe-in-pipe" was changed into the plate one.Bench tests of energy efficiency of the thermal system operation were conducted. Indicators of energy efficiency of the system with the improved RPH were determined, the analysis was performed by comparing with analogues, described in the literature. It was proved that improvement of the thermal system allowed obtaining the improved indicators of energy efficiency. Bench testing showed that efficiency of the improved thermal system is by ≈17 % higher than efficiency of thermal systems based on the multi-stage RPH.The automatic system of monitoring and control of the thermal system with the use of vibration-frequency sensors for assessment of cavitation process effectiveness was developed. The conducted commissioning works made it possible to determine the possibility of applying the developed automatic system with appropriate software for monitoring and control of the thermal system operation.The obtained data of comparative analysis allow recommending the developed rotor-pulse heat generator as a credible alternative to the used thermal devices in thermal heating systems of industrial buildings

Research of the Impact of the Method of Heating of Heat Units on the Qualitative Characteristics of Treated Materials

An analytical method for calculating the chemical potentials of the components of the gas-solid system based on thermodynamic calculations of carbon potentials of the С–О–Н–N gas mixture (combustion products of the methane-air mixture) and the solid phase (alloyed steel) is developed. Dependences describing the influence of the main parameters of heating the medium composition, flow rate, as well as their interaction, on metal losses associated with decarburization are obtained.Thermodynamic calculations of carbon potentials of alloyed steel and natural gas combustion products of different composition (α=0.2÷1.2), metal and combustion products temperatures of 1,100÷1,500 K are performed.Based on the analysis of the structure of the thermal and diffusion boundary layers, it is proved that the decrease in the temperature of the layer of combustion product flowing around the solid product and surface flow rate reduces the diffusion flow of carbon in the boundary layer. This effect reduces the decarburization of steel.It is found that when heating the heat unit according to the principle of indirect radiant heating (IRH) during the operation of the flat-flame burner, the main gas volume, localized at the metal surface, has a temperature significantly lower than the layer adjacent to the lining. This reduces the metal loss with decarburization compared with furnaces of the traditional heating system.Combustion of gas in flat-flame burners with an intense circulation of combustion products in the working space of the heat unit ensures that the heated products have a uniform composition of combustion products corresponding to a practically equilibrium one. This allows recommending flat-flame burners for widespread use in modern heat-power units in the industr

Research and Control of the Purity of Production Hydrogen with a High Degree of Purification When Applying the Electrolysis Method of Production

We conducted experimental studies aimed at determining the purity of hydrogen obtained at the electrolysis installation made by Hydrogen Technologies (Norway) at the pipe plant Centravis Production Ukraine in the city of Nikopol, Ukraine.It was established that the determination of hydrogen purity and the degree of its purification from impurities (nitrogen) in microconcentrations involves two stages of measurements:− research into the presence of nitrogen in the samples of production hydrogen in the microconcentrations of [[N2] 0.001−0.01 % (rough estimate);− research into the presence of nitrogen in the samples of production hydrogen in the microconcentrations of [[N2] 0.001−0.01 % (fine assessment).We determined that the purity of production hydrogen, obtained during research, was 99.9±0.1 %. A given value for purity does not match certification indicators for purity of production hydrogen claimed by the manufacturer to equal 99.9999 %.We analyzed the reasons for the mismatch between the purity of obtained hydrogen and claimed characteristics. A detailed analysis revealed that the possible cause of high nitrogen concentration in hydrogen is the worn piston rings in the stage of compressor pistons, which causes the penetration of nitrogen in microconcentrations into production hydrogen. Piston rings in the compressor's stage were replaced. Repeated studies into purity of production hydrogen indicate that the purity of production hydrogen amounted to 99.99±0.01 %, which corresponds to the hydrogen of grade A

Research Into the Impact of Structural Features of Combustion Chamber in Energy-technological Units on Their Operational Efficiency

The experimental studies of the influence of the degree of masonry development (geometry) and aerodynamics of the combustion chambers (circuits of combustion products removal) on the energy-technological indicators of the processes in the system gas-solid (in combustion chambers) were carried out.The experimental research into the influence of geometry and aerodynamics of the combustion chamber on the energy-technological indicators in the system gas – solid body was conducted at the industrial large-scale fire bench.It was shown that a decrease in the height of the working space of the combustion chamber, equipped with flat flame burners, affects the use of fuel due to heat exchange intensification, including direct convection. The dependence is caused by a decrease in heat losses with flue gases and due to a decrease in losses through the masonry.It was established that at the height of the working space of 800÷1,000 mm of the combustion furnace, fuel consumption decreases by 20÷30 %.The design of the combustion space of the furnace of continuous operation mode was developed. The distinctive feature of the furnace of the developed design is the elimination of discreteness and implementation of the stable continuous operation mode of the heating unit. The longitudinal channels were made on the lateral surfaces of the cars and the furnace along the entire length of the latter, which makes it possible to implement the continuous removal of combustion products from the combustion space through canalized hearth of the cars into the longitudinal lateral channels, made in the walls of the furnace. Additional aerodynamic compaction of the working space of the furnace is ensured at any speed of the motion of the cars.It was found that energy-technological efficiency at the arch heating of the combustion units with flat flame burners and combustion products removal under the workpiece (lower smoke removal) is on average by 1.3 times higher than at use of the circuit of products removal above the workpiece (lateral smoke removal), which is used in currently operating furnaces.The design was developed and the tunnel furnace was put into operation. It was for chemical and thermal treatment of metallic and non-metallic materials and products during their heating by the assigned schedule