9 research outputs found

    Evaluation of the dietary intake of cadmium, lead and mercury and its relationship with bone health among postmenopausal women in Spain

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    ANTECEDENTES: Los metales pesados, como el plomo, el cadmio y el mercurio, se absorben a través de fuentes de alimentos contaminados y agua. Pocos estudios han investigado hasta qué punto los metales pesados de la dieta están asociados con una baja densidad mineral ósea. OBJETIVOS: Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar la ingesta alimentaria de metales pesados, plomo, cadmio y mercurio entre mujeres posmenopáusicas sanas y no fumadoras en España. Además, buscamos establecer una relación supuesta entre la salud ósea y la ingesta de estos metales pesados en esta población. Diseño del estudio: La ingesta diaria de los metales pesados considerados para los diferentes grupos de alimentos se calculó tomando en cuenta el contenido y el consumo de alimentos en 281 mujeres posmenopáusicas. Las mediciones óseas se realizaron utilizando un ultrasonido óseo cuantitativo (QUS), una absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) y una tomografía computada cuantitativa periférica (pQCT). RESULTADOS: El promedio estimado de exposición a cadmio en la dieta entre las 281 mujeres estudiadas fue de 29.87 μg / día (20.41–41.04) y 3.03 μg / kg de peso corporal (b.w .; 2.17–4.40). La exposición al plomo en la dieta fue de 46.24 μg / día (38.11–54.77) y 4.87 μg / kg b.w. (4.00–6.14). La exposición estimada al mercurio en la dieta fue de 11.64 μg / día y 1.19 μg / kg b.w. (0.82–1.76). Los participantes se clasificaron según su ingesta de metales pesados (por encima o por debajo de las medianas respectivas). Después de un ajuste adicional para los factores de confusión potenciales, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en todos los parámetros medidos (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: No encontramos asociaciones entre la salud ósea y la ingesta dietética de tres metales pesados en mujeres posmenopáusicas. La ingesta dietética de los metales pesados medidos estuvo dentro de los valores recomendados.BACKGROUND: Heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury, are absorbed through contaminated food sources and water. Few studies have investigated the extent to which dietary heavy metals are associated with low bone mineral density. AIMS: We aimed to characterize the dietary intake of the heavy metals lead, cadmium and mercury among healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women in Spain. Furthermore, we sought to establish a putative relationship between bone health and the intake of these heavy metals in this population. STUDY DESIGN: The daily intake of the heavy metals considered for the different food groups was calculated by accounting for food content and consumption in 281 postmenopausal women. Bone measurements were performed using a Quantitative Bone Ultrasound (QUS), a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and a Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). RESULTS: The average estimated dietary cadmium exposure among the 281 women studied was 29.87 μg/day (20.41–41.04) and 3.03 μg/kg body weight (b.w.; 2.17–4.40). Dietary lead exposure was 46.24 μg/day (38.11–54.77) and 4.87 μg/kg b.w. (4.00–6.14). The estimated dietary mercury exposure was 11.64 μg/day and 1.19 μg/kg b.w. (0.82–1.76). Participants were classified according to their heavy metal intake (above or below the respective medians). After further adjustment for potential confounding factors, no significant differences were found in all the measured parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find associations between bone health and the dietary intake of three heavy metals in postmenopausal women. Dietary intake of the measured heavy metals were within the recommended values.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondos Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Beca Grupos de Investigación GR15144peerReviewe

    Quality of life in elderly people after a hip fracture: a prospective study

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    ANTECEDENTES: La fractura de cadera es un importante problema social y médico por su creciente prevalencia, las consecuencias para la salud y el impacto económico en el sistema sanitario, pero no cabe duda de que también repercute en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). De ahí la importancia de conocer y determinar el impacto de la enfermedad en la vida cotidiana desde la perspectiva del bienestar físico, emocional y social del paciente. PROPÓSITO: Determinar el impacto de la fractura de cadera en la CVRS de las personas mayores de 65 años un mes después de la cirugía, los factores relacionados y los efectos en la capacidad funcional y el estado de ánimo. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en las unidades de traumatología de dos hospitales universitarios de la provincia de Cáceres con muestreo consecutivo de todos los pacientes mayores de 65 años ingresados por cirugía de fractura de cadera durante el periodo de estudio. Se registraron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos en el momento del ingreso y de forma prospectiva en la visita de seguimiento 1 mes después. Se recogieron variables clínicas, sociales, de calidad de vida (EQ-5D-), de capacidad funcional e instrumental básica (Índice de Barthel (BI) y Escala de Lawton y Brody) y de depresión geriátrica (Yesavage). RESULTADOS: El estudio incluyó 224 pacientes con una edad media de 84,6 años (DE ± 6,1), el 76,3% eran mujeres. La comorbilidad de Charlson fue de 5,3 (DE ± 1,2). El índice EQ-5D disminuyó de 0,62 (DE ± 0,35) a 0,16 al mes de seguimiento (DE ± 0,20) p < 0,001. La puntuación media de la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) del EQ-5D disminuyó de 72,8 (DE ± 15,8) a 48,3 (DE ± 17,2) p < 0,001. Todas las dimensiones de la EQ-5D mostraron una reducción significativa desde el momento del estado previo a la fractura hasta 1 mes después de la cirugía. Los factores independientes asociados con la CVRS 1 mes después de la cirugía fueron la puntuación del Índice de Barthel antes de la fractura, la escala de Lawton y Brody, la presencia de depresión y el tipo de cirugía. CONCLUSIONES: Después de una fractura de cadera, los pacientes experimentan un deterioro considerable de su CVRS, especialmente en el cuidado personal, las actividades diarias y la movilidad. También se produce una disminución significativa de la capacidad funcional para las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria. Un mes después de la cirugía, la CVRS está muy lejos de los niveles previos a la fractura.BACKGROUND: Hip fracture is an important social and medical problem due to its increasing prevalence, the consequences for health and the economic impact on the health care system, but there is no doubt that it also has repercussions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Hence the importance of understanding and determining the impact of the condition on everyday life from the perspective of the patient’s physical, emotional and social well-being. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of hip fracture on HRQoL of people over the age of 65 1 month after surgery, related factors and the effects on functional ability and mood. METHODS: Prospective observational study conducted in the traumatology units of two university hospitals in the province of Cáceres with consecutive sampling of all patients over the age of 65 admitted for hip fracture surgery during the study period. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded at the time of admission and prospectively at the follow-up visit 1 month later. Clinical, social, quality of life (EQ-5D-), basic functional and instrumental capacity (Barthel Index (BI) and Lawton & Brody Scale), and geriatric depression (Yesavage) variables were collected. RESULTS: The study included 224 patients with a median age of 84.6 years (SD ± 6.1), 76.3% were female. Charlson’s comorbidity was 5.3 (SD ± 1.2). The EQ-5D index decreased from 0.62 (SD ± 0.35) to 0.16 at 1 month follow up (SD ± 0.20) p < 0.001. The mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of EQ-5D decreased from 72.8 (SD ±15.8) to 48.3 (SD ± 17.2) p < 0.001. All dimensions of EQ-5D showed a significant reduction from the time of pre-fracture status to 1 month after surgery. Independent factors associated with HRQoL 1 month after surgery were pre-fracture status Barthel Index score, Lawton and Brody scale, presence of depression, and type of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: After a hip fracture, patients experience considerable deterioration in their HRQoL, especially in selfcare, daily activities, and mobility. There is also a significant decline in functional capacity for both the basic and instrumental activities of daily living. One month after surgery, HRQoL is a long way from pre-fracture levels.peerReviewe

    Valoración de la ingesta de metales pesados en la dieta de mujeres extremeñas: efectos sobre la masa ósea

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    Los metales pesados son ingeridos a través de agua y alimentos contaminados. Algunos estudios han investigado hasta qué punto los metales pesados en la dieta están asociados con una baja densidad mineral ósea (DMO). El objetivo fue estudiar una posible relación entre la DMO y la ingesta dietética de cadmio, plomo y mercurio en mujeres sanas, no fumadoras, premenopáusicas y posmenopáusicas en España. 439 mujeres fueron estudiadas. La ingesta diaria de los metales pesados considerados para los diferentes grupos de alimentos se calculó contabilizando el contenido y el consumo de alimentos. Las mediciones óseas se realizaron utilizando Ultrasonido Cuantitativo Óseo (QUS), Absorciometría Dual de rayos X (DXA) y Tomografía Cuantitativa Periférica (pQCT). La media de la ingesta dietética de cadmio entre las mujeres premenopáusicas fue de 25.29 μg/día (18.62-35.00) y 2.74 μg/kg de peso corporal por semana (b.w./w) (1.92-3.83). En mujeres posmenopáusicas fue de 29.87 μg/día (20.41-41.04) y 3.03 μg/kg b.w./w (2.17-4.40). La ingesta diaria de plomo fue de 43.85 μg/día (35.09-51.45) y μg/kg b.w./w (3.67-6.13) para el grupo de mujeres premenopáusicas y 46.24 μg/día (38.11-54.77) y 4.87 μg/kg b.w./w (4.00-6.14) entre las posmenopáusicas. La exposición a mercurio en la dieta fue de 9.55 μg/día (7.18-13.57) y 1.02 μg/kg b.w./w (0.71-1.48) entre mujeres premenopáusicas y 11.64 μg/día y 1.19 μg/kg b.w./w (0.82-1.76) en postmenopáusicas. No se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la ingesta de metales pesados y las mediciones de DMO. No encontramos asociaciones entre la salud ósea y la ingesta dietética de metales pesados en las mujeres estudiadas.Heavy metals are absorbed through contaminated food sources and water. Few studies have investigated the extent to which dietary heavy metals are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). We aimed to study a presumed relationship between BMD and the dietary intake of cadmium, lead and mercury in healthy, non-smoking, both premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Spain. 439 women were incorporated into the study. The daily intake of the heavy metals considered for the different food groups was calculated by accounting for food content and consumption. Bone measurements were performed using a Quantitative Bone Ultrasound (QUS), a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and a Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). The median predicted dietary cadmium intake among premenopausal women studied was 25.29 μg/day (18.62–35.00) and 2.74 μg/kg body weight/week (b.w./w) (1.92–3.83). It was 29.87 μg/day (20.41–41.04) and 3.03 μg/kg b.w./w (2.17–4.40) among postmenopausal women group. Dietary lead intake was 43.85 μg/day (35.09–51.45) and 4.82 μg/kg b.w./w (3.67–6.13) for the premenopausal women group and 46.24 μg/day (38.11–54.77) and 4.87 μg/kg b.w./w (4.00–6.14) among postmenopausal women group. The observed dietary mercury exposure was 9.55 μg/day (7.18–13.57) and 1.02 μg/kg b.w./w (0.71–1.48) among premenopausal women and 11.64 μg/day and 1.19 μg/kg b.w./w (0.82–1.76) in postmenopausal women. No statistically significant correlations between heavy metal intake and the BMD measurements were observed. We did not find associations between bone health and the dietary intake of three heavy metals in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Plan de Ayuda a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Extremadura (GR15144) y programa FEDER de la Unión Europea

    Valoración de la ingesta de metales pesados en la dieta de mujeres extremeñas: efectos sobre la masa ósea

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    Los metales pesados son ingeridos a través de agua y alimentos contaminados. Algunos estudios han investigado hasta qué punto los metales pesados en la dieta están asociados con una baja densidad mineral ósea (DMO). El objetivo fue estudiar una posible relación entre la DMO y la ingesta dietética de cadmio, plomo y mercurio en mujeres sanas, no fumadoras, premenopáusicas y posmenopáusicas en España. 439 mujeres fueron estudiadas. La ingesta diaria de los metales pesados considerados para los diferentes grupos de alimentos se calculó contabilizando el contenido y el consumo de alimentos. Las mediciones óseas se realizaron utilizando Ultrasonido Cuantitativo Óseo (QUS), Absorciometría Dual de rayos X (DXA) y Tomografía Cuantitativa Periférica (pQCT). La media de la ingesta dietética de cadmio entre las mujeres premenopáusicas fue de 25.29 μg/día (18.62-35.00) y 2.74 μg/kg de peso corporal por semana (b.w./w) (1.92-3.83). En mujeres posmenopáusicas fue de 29.87 μg/día (20.41-41.04) y 3.03 μg/kg b.w./w (2.17-4.40). La ingesta diaria de plomo fue de 43.85 μg/día (35.09-51.45) y μg/kg b.w./w (3.67-6.13) para el grupo de mujeres premenopáusicas y 46.24 μg/día (38.11-54.77) y 4.87 μg/kg b.w./w (4.00-6.14) entre las posmenopáusicas. La exposición a mercurio en la dieta fue de 9.55 μg/día (7.18-13.57) y 1.02 μg/kg b.w./w (0.71-1.48) entre mujeres premenopáusicas y 11.64 μg/día y 1.19 μg/kg b.w./w (0.82-1.76) en postmenopáusicas. No se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la ingesta de metales pesados y las mediciones de DMO. No encontramos asociaciones entre la salud ósea y la ingesta dietética de metales pesados en las mujeres estudiadas.Heavy metals are absorbed through contaminated food sources and water. Few studies have investigated the extent to which dietary heavy metals are associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). We aimed to study a presumed relationship between BMD and the dietary intake of cadmium, lead and mercury in healthy, non-smoking, both premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Spain. 439 women were incorporated into the study. The daily intake of the heavy metals considered for the different food groups was calculated by accounting for food content and consumption. Bone measurements were performed using a Quantitative Bone Ultrasound (QUS), a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and a Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT). The median predicted dietary cadmium intake among premenopausal women studied was 25.29 μg/day (18.62–35.00) and 2.74 μg/kg body weight/week (b.w./w) (1.92–3.83). It was 29.87 μg/day (20.41–41.04) and 3.03 μg/kg b.w./w (2.17–4.40) among postmenopausal women group. Dietary lead intake was 43.85 μg/day (35.09–51.45) and 4.82 μg/kg b.w./w (3.67–6.13) for the premenopausal women group and 46.24 μg/day (38.11–54.77) and 4.87 μg/kg b.w./w (4.00–6.14) among postmenopausal women group. The observed dietary mercury exposure was 9.55 μg/day (7.18–13.57) and 1.02 μg/kg b.w./w (0.71–1.48) among premenopausal women and 11.64 μg/day and 1.19 μg/kg b.w./w (0.82–1.76) in postmenopausal women. No statistically significant correlations between heavy metal intake and the BMD measurements were observed. We did not find associations between bone health and the dietary intake of three heavy metals in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Plan de Ayuda a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Extremadura (GR15144) y programa FEDER de la Unión Europea

    Vitamin E diary dietary intake in premenopausal healthy women and its relationship with the recommended diary dietary intake

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    Background: The health benefits arising from the antioxidant vitamin E is well recognized and itsrecommended dietary intake for the general population have been established. However, there is still aneed for assessing antioxidant vitamin intake in different population groups. Objective: To assess intake ofantioxidant vitamin E and to identify its major sources in the diets of healthy premenopausal women from Extremadura. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 123 premenopausal women from Spanish population. Antioxidant vitamin dietary intake was assessed by individual 7-day records. Data wasanalyzed using updated “Spanish Food Composition Tables”. Results: The average daily intake ofantioxidant vitamin E was: 2.58±0.85 mg/day. Dietary vitamin E was around 76.54% lower than thatrecommended. Diets that were deficient in vitamin E were recorded in the 100% of the interviewedpremenopausal women from Extremadura. Conclusions: The average intake of antioxidant vitamin E wasnot found to be in recommended range, no significant differences were observed between the lowest andthe highest intake. They were no differences in the consumption of food products recognized as majorsources of vitamin E in the study population. It is therefore necessary to increase the consumption of foodsthat provide a valuable dietary source for this vitamin

    Vitamin E diary dietary intake in premenopausal healthy women and its relationship with the recommended diary dietary intake

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    Background: The health benefits arising from the antioxidant vitamin E is well recognized and itsrecommended dietary intake for the general population have been established. However, there is still aneed for assessing antioxidant vitamin intake in different population groups. Objective: To assess intake ofantioxidant vitamin E and to identify its major sources in the diets of healthy premenopausal women from Extremadura. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 123 premenopausal women from Spanish population. Antioxidant vitamin dietary intake was assessed by individual 7-day records. Data wasanalyzed using updated “Spanish Food Composition Tables”. Results: The average daily intake ofantioxidant vitamin E was: 2.58±0.85 mg/day. Dietary vitamin E was around 76.54% lower than thatrecommended. Diets that were deficient in vitamin E were recorded in the 100% of the interviewedpremenopausal women from Extremadura. Conclusions: The average intake of antioxidant vitamin E wasnot found to be in recommended range, no significant differences were observed between the lowest andthe highest intake. They were no differences in the consumption of food products recognized as majorsources of vitamin E in the study population. It is therefore necessary to increase the consumption of foodsthat provide a valuable dietary source for this vitamin

    Nursing Genetic Research: New Insights Linking Breast Cancer Genetics and Bone Density

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    Nursing research is expected to provide options for the primary prevention of disease and health promotion, regardless of pathology or disease. Nurses have the skills to develop and lead research that addresses the relationship between genetic factors and health. Increasing genetic knowledge and research capacity through interdisciplinary cooperation as well as the development of research resources, will accelerate the rate at which nurses contribute to the knowledge about genetics and health. There are currently different fields in which knowledge can be expanded by research developed from the nursing field. Here, we present an emerging field of research in which it is hypothesized that genetics may affect bone metabolism. Better insight of genetic factors that are contributing to metabolic bone diseases would allow for focused nursing care and preventive interventions

    Dietary intake of cadmium, lead and mercury and its association with bone health in healthy premenopausal women

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    El hueso es uno de los órganos diana relevantes de los metales pesados, y la toxicidad de los metales pesados está asociada con varios procesos degenerativos, como la osteoporosis y las alteraciones de los minerales óseos, que podrían provocar fracturas. El objetivo fue estudiar una presunta relación entre la densidad ósea, evaluada mediante ecografía ósea cuantitativa (QUS), absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) y tomografía computarizada cuantitativa periférica (pQCT) y la ingesta alimentaria de cadmio, plomo y mercurio en condiciones saludables. Mujeres premenopáusicas. Un total de 158 mujeres sanas, no fumadoras, premenopáusicas se incorporaron al estudio. Se administró un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos validado (FFQ) para evaluar la ingesta durante los siete días anteriores. La mediana pronosticada del consumo de cadmio en la dieta entre las 158 mujeres estudiadas fue de 25.29 g / día (18.62–35.00) y 2.74 g / kg de peso corporal / semana (b.w./w) (1.92–3.83). La ingesta de plomo en la dieta fue de 43.85 g / día (35.09–51.45) y 4.82 g / kg b.w./w (3.67–6.13). La ingesta dietética de mercurio observada fue de 9,55 g / día (7,18 a 13,57) y 1,02 g / kg de peso corporal (0,71 a 1,48). Las comparaciones, en términos de ingesta de metales pesados, no mostraron resultados significativos después de un ajuste adicional para la ingesta de energía. No se observaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la ingesta de metales pesados y los parámetros QUS, DXA y pQCT. Los niveles de exposición dietética de cadmio, plomo y mercurio estaban principalmente dentro de las recomendaciones. No encontramos asociaciones entre los parámetros QUS, DXA y pQCT y la ingesta dietética de los metales pesados estudiados en mujeres premenopáusicas sanas.The bone is one of the relevant target organs of heavy metals, and heavy metal toxicity is associated with several degenerative processes, such osteoporosis and bone mineral alterations, that could lead to fractures. We aimed to study a presumed relationship between bone density, evaluated by quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the dietary intake of cadmium, lead and mercury in healthy premenopausal women. A total of 158 healthy, non-smoking, premenopausal women were incorporated into the study. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to assess intake during the preceding seven days. The median predicted dietary cadmium intake among the 158 women studied was 25.29 g/day (18.62–35.00) and 2.74 g/kg body weight/week (b.w./w) (1.92–3.83). Dietary lead intake was 43.85 g/day (35.09–51.45) and 4.82 g/kg b.w./w (3.67–6.13). The observed dietary mercury intake was 9.55 g/day (7.18–13.57) and 1.02 g/kg b.w./w (0.71–1.48). Comparisons, in terms of heavy metal intake, showed no significant results after further adjusting for energy intake. No statistically significant correlations between heavy metal intake and the QUS, DXA and pQCT parameters were observed. Levels of dietary exposure of cadmium, lead and mercury were mostly within the recommendations. We did not find associations between the QUS, DXA and pQCT parameters and the dietary intake of the studied heavy metals in healthy premenopausal women.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondos Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Beca Grupos de Investigación GR15144peerReviewe

    Materiales curriculares interactivos : DVD-ROM III : curso 2006-07

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    Se presenta una actualizaciĂłn de materiales curriculares interactivos que desarrollan los contenidos del currĂ­culum y que están dirigidos al alumnado de educaciĂłn infantil, primaria, secundaria y bachillerato para el curso escolar 2006-07. Estos materiales de diversa temática, elaborados por profesores, tienen como objetivo ayudar a los estudiantes en su aprendizaje, facilitándolo y motivándolo.ExtremaduraConsejerĂ­a de EducaciĂłn y Cultura. SecretarĂ­a General de EducaciĂłn; Calle Delgado Valencia, 6; 06800 MĂ©rida (Badajoz); +34924006714; +34924006716; [email protected]
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