51 research outputs found
The âmethodological empathyâ , an ethical position of researchers towards migrants in precarious situation
IntroducciĂłn: Este artĂculo pretende describir una posiciĂłn Ă©tica del investigador en el campo de trabajo, particularmente adaptada a los estudios migratorios: la "empatĂa metodolĂłgica".
Método: Pude experimentar éste fenómeno durante una investigación-acción llevada a cabo con menores no acompañados acogidos en hoteles entre 2015 y 2016.
Resultados: Esta posiciĂłn Ă©tica nos permite cuestionar los lĂmites del compromiso de un investigador cuando se enfrenta al sufrimiento de emigrantes en situaciĂłn precaria. A la larga promueve intercambios que nos permiten recoger datos sensibles (informes sobre el trayecto migratorio, la asistencia social). En la prĂĄctica, la empatĂa metodolĂłgica favorece el desarrollo de una posiciĂłn Ă©tica de hospitalidad que necesita sin embargo un "compromiso razonado" en la relaciĂłn que se tiene con los investigados, una relaciĂłn que consiste en: "compartir la informaciĂłn mĂĄs delicada" lo que hace que se establezca un elemento comĂșn entre ambos, pero que a su vez expone el lugar, y las diferencias entre el investigador y el sujeto emigrante.
ConclusiĂłn: Es en esta situaciĂłn cuando podemos utilizar estos materiales para apoyar la producciĂłn de datos cientĂficos. La empatĂa se convierte entonces en un mĂ©todo de encuesta (investigaciĂłn) que combina el saber prĂĄctico y los conocimientos teĂłricos
BrĂšve histoire dâune floraison industrielle
Lâarticle vise Ă sâinterroger sur la signification symbolique dâune sculpture de vingt tonnes et de vingt-quatre mĂštres de haut appelĂ© la Main jaune, Ă©rigĂ©e derniĂšrement sur un rond-point de la ville de ChĂątellerault. Cette sculpture suscite des rĂ©actions virulentes chez les habitants. Ils dĂ©plorent la disparition dâune prairie fleurie mais Ă©galement le rĂŽle de cette Ćuvre dans une pĂ©riode ou la ville subit une dĂ©structuration de son tissu Ă©conomique sans prĂ©cĂ©dent. Cette Ćuvre financĂ©e par des mĂ©cĂšnes locaux tĂ©moignent dâun acte paternaliste ayant une fonction politique en valorisant un savoir faire ouvrier et ainsi favorisant lâattĂ©nuation des conflits sociaux en cours.This article aims to wonder about the symbolic meaning of a twenty tons and twenty four meters high sculpture, the Yellow Hand, recently erected on a ChĂątellerault city's roundabout. This sculpture aroused inhabitants virulent reactions. They bewail the disappearance of a flowery meadow and also deplore this art work's function at a time when the city's economic frame undergoes an unprecedented breaking up. This locally patronized sculpture bears witness to a paternalistic action with political function: it increases the value of workers know-how and thus alleviates running social conflicts
Lâapproche situationnelle en anthropologie
Jâai dĂ©veloppĂ© cette mĂ©thode (cf. infra Figure 1) dans le cadre dâun travail de recherche en anthropologie menĂ© Ă lâĂcole des Hautes Ătudes en Sciences Sociales. La thĂšse, soutenue en juillet 2014 et intitulĂ©e « Anthropologie dâun procĂšs. Crime, marginalitĂ© et travail social », porte sur lâanalyse des enjeux symboliques liĂ©s Ă lâexplication dâun crime par la biographie psychosociale dâun individu marginal lors dâun procĂšs. En effet, du 16 au 25 mars 2010 eut lieu Ă Tours (France) le procĂšs en..
Les usages du savoir anthropologique en travail social
Lâarticle analyse lâĂ©volution dâune posture professionnelle, influencĂ©e par le savoir, la pratique de lâanthropologie. La participation observante en tant que tĂ©moin en cour dâassises dans le cadre du jugement dâun jeune accusĂ© de meurtre avec actes de barbarie constitue une situation extraordinaire. LâĂ©tude de cet Ă©vĂ©nement permet dâenvisager le fait que des savoirs anthropologiques appliquĂ©s Ă une sphĂšre professionnelle forment les conditions dâĂ©mergence dâune ethnologie du tĂ©moignage alliant une posture : lâantiviolence a une figure, celle de lâintellectuel spĂ©cifique. Lâalliance entre les analyses scientifiques de lâethnologue et les donnĂ©es de terrains pratiques du travailleur social peuvent favoriser le dĂ©veloppement dâune connaissance anthropologique spĂ©cialisĂ©e en travail social.This article analyses the development of a professional position, influenced by the knowledge and the practice of anthropology. Observant participation as a witness in a criminal court in the context of the trial of a young man accused of murder with barbaric acts constitutes an extraordinary situation. The study of this event makes it possible to consider the fact that anthropological knowledge applied to a professional sphere is the condition of emergence of an ethnology of the testimony combined with a position: antiviolence is associated with a figure, that of the specific intellectual. The combination of the ethnologistâs scientific analyses and the social workerâs practical field data could help the development of anthropological knowledge specialized in social work
Des ondes radioélectriques
« Ce qui mâintĂ©resse, câest : quâest-ce qui arrive quand on Ă©coute du rock ? Le rock est une musique qui dit oui mĂȘme quand elle est contestataire. Je lâĂ©coute, je jouis, je danse, je pogote. » BĂ©gaudeau, 2014, p. 18 Ătant nĂ© au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, depuis vingt ans, je me suis construit une culture punk Ă©troitement liĂ©e Ă des Ă©missions radiophoniques punk. En effet, dans les annĂ©es 1990, la programmation musicale majoritairement rock-grunge de Fun Radio mâa amenĂ© Ă dĂ©couvrir des groupes te..
Des ondes radioélectriques
« Ce qui mâintĂ©resse, câest : quâest-ce qui arrive quand on Ă©coute du rock ? Le rock est une musique qui dit oui mĂȘme quand elle est contestataire. Je lâĂ©coute, je jouis, je danse, je pogote. » BĂ©gaudeau, 2014, p. 18 Ătant nĂ© au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1980, depuis vingt ans, je me suis construit une culture punk Ă©troitement liĂ©e Ă des Ă©missions radiophoniques punk. En effet, dans les annĂ©es 1990, la programmation musicale majoritairement rock-grunge de Fun Radio mâa amenĂ© Ă dĂ©couvrir des groupes te..
Le spectre du radical islamiste
Les violences liĂ©es aux phĂ©nomĂšnes religieux ont de tout temps existĂ©. Cependant, Ă y regarder de prĂšs ces derniers mois, lâangoisse du public se dirige principalement vers les djihadistes radicaux. Le spectre du radical performe lâimage du dĂ©linquant des quartiers populaires. Lâindividu radical islamiste nâest plus dĂ©fini uniquement par des pratiques comportementales et/ou dĂ©linquantes, mais bien par des pratiques religieuses et criminelles. A partir dâun travail de terrain, il sâagit dâinterroger la construction politico-mĂ©diatique de la figure du jeune radical islamiste, dâanalyser la transformation des dispositifs de surveillance et de rĂ©insertion qui en dĂ©coulent et dâapprĂ©hender oĂč et comment se fabrique la « radicalisation » du sujet djihadiste.The violence bound to religious phenomena has always existed. However, in recent months, the publicâs anguish focuses mainly on radical djihadists. The spectre of the radical reprises the image of the delinquent from working-class neighborhoods. The radical Islamist is no longer defined only by behavioral and/or delinquent acts but also by religious and criminal ones. Based on field research, this study questions the political-media construction of the young Islamist radical, analyses the consequent transformations in methods of surveillance and of social reinsertion, and attempts to grasp when and how the âradicalizationâ of the djihadist takes place
Le marché des marges sociales
Les marges sociales sont aujourdâhui de plus en plus nombreuses et agglutinent des catĂ©gories dont la distinction nâa pas toujours Ă©tĂ© aussi Ă©vidente au regard des sciences sociales. Leur construction en tant que catĂ©gories â « fous », « criminels », « malades », « travailleurs pauvres », etc. â nous a particuliĂšrement prĂ©occupĂ©s depuis lâavĂšnement de la sociĂ©tĂ© industrielle, soucieuse dâun dĂ©coupage entre normal, pathologique, dĂ©viant, marginal, inclus, exclu. Comment apprĂ©hender les marges ..
Heroin seeking becomes dependent on dorsal striatal dopaminergic mechanisms and can be decreased by N-acetylcysteine.
The alarming increase in heroin overdoses in the USA is a reminder of the need for efficacious and novel treatments for opiate addiction. This may reflect the relatively poor understanding of the neural basis of heroin, as compared to cocaine, seeking behaviour. While cocaine reinforcement depends on the mesolimbic system, well-established cocaine seeking is dependent on dorsolateral striatum (aDLS) dopamine-dependent mechanisms which are disrupted by N-acetylcysteine, through normalisation of corticostriatal glutamate homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether a functional recruitment of aDLS dopamine-dependent control over instrumental responding also occurs for heroin seeking, even though heroin reinforcement does not depend on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Lister Hooded rats acquired heroin self-administration and were subsequently trained to seek heroin daily over prolonged periods of time under the control of drug-paired cues, as measured under a second-order schedule of reinforcement. At different stages of training, that is, early on and when heroin seeking behaviour was well established, we measured the sensitivity of drug-seeking responses to either bilateral aDLS infusions of the dopamine receptor antagonist α-flupenthixol (5, 10 and 15 Όg/side) or systemic administration of N-acetylcysteine (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg). The results demonstrate that control over heroin seeking behaviour devolves to aDLS dopamine-dependent mechanisms after extended training. Further aDLS-dependent well-established, cue-controlled heroin seeking was disrupted by N-acetylcysteine. Comparison with previous data on cocaine suggests that the development of drug seeking habits and the alteration of corticostriatal glutamate homeostasis, which is restored by N-acetylcysteine, are quantitatively similar between heroin and cocaine
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Individual differences in the engagement of habitual control over alcohol seeking predict the development of compulsive alcohol seeking and drinking
Abstract: Excessive drinking is an important behavioural characteristic of alcohol addiction, but not the only one. Individuals addicted to alcohol crave alcoholic beverages, spend time seeking alcohol despite negative consequences and eventually drink to intoxication. With prolonged use, control over alcohol seeking devolves to anterior dorsolateral striatum, dopamineâdependent mechanisms implicated in habit learning and individuals in whom alcohol seeking relies more on these mechanisms are more likely to persist in seeking alcohol despite the risk of punishment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the development of habitual alcohol seeking predicts the development of compulsive seeking and that, once developed, it is associated with compulsive alcohol drinking. Male alcoholâpreferring rats were preâexposed intermittently to a twoâbottle choice procedure and trained on a seekingâtaking chained schedule of alcohol reinforcement until some individuals developed punishmentâresistant seeking behaviour. The associative basis of their seeking responses was probed with an outcomeâdevaluation procedure, early or late in training. After seeking behaviour was well established, subjects that had developed greater resistance to outcome devaluation (were more habitual) were more likely to show punishmentâresistant (compulsive) alcohol seeking. These individuals also drank more alcohol, despite quinine adulteration, even though having similar alcohol preference and intake before and during instrumental training. They were also less sensitive to changes in the contingency between seeking responses and alcohol outcome, providing further evidence of recruitment of the habit system. We therefore provide direct behavioural evidence that compulsive alcohol seeking emerges alongside compulsive drinking in individuals who have preferentially engaged the habit system
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